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Why Is My Dog Licking Air?

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Why is your dog licking the air? The causes could range from an unusual scent to health problems like seizures.
You may find your dog licking air for reasons from a tantalizing smell in the air to communicating with you to telling you he isn’t feeling well. Credit: Agnieszka Wieczorek/500px | Getty Images

Dogs lick the air for a multitude of reasons, some medical and some behavioral. It may not make sense to us, but let’s examine some of the options:

Dogs May Lick Air to Communicate

Licking the air when directed at a canine housemate or a human can be appeasement. This action is typically offered by an insecure dog who is unsure of what may transpire in any given context. It’s usually in conjunction with appeasing body language such as a curved body to appear less threatening. Air licking can also happen because of excitement or reconnecting after an absence of either. This type of air licking can also fall under the heading of anxiety.

Dogs May Lick Air Due to Smells

Dogs may lick the air to taste the smells that their extraordinary olfactory senses give them access to try and identify them.

When you see a dog making what looks like mouthwash swishing moves after licking the air or showing the Flehman response, where they curl up their upper lip, showing their teeth. This means that they are using their Jacobson organ, also known as the vomeronasal organ. This organ, located at the roof of their mouth, allows them to process smells, especially those associated with pheromones. You may see this happen when they are smelling urine markings on a walk or in the case of a boy dog being a little rude to a girl dog, after taking a hearty sniff of their privates.

Dog May Lick Air Due to Illness or Pain

Gastrointestinal issues/acid reflux can cause air licking, along with other symptoms such as air gulping/swallowing, vomiting, nausea, etc. Reach out to your veterinarian to help you better assess the situation.

Dental issues/mouth pain is a common cause of air licking. Does your dog’s breath smell off? Is there something stuck in their mouth/teeth? If this is uncommon behavior on your dog’s part and you suspect this to be the cause, prompt attention is important.

Seizures are another possible cause for air licking. Look at the context for other signs of such, especially if this is not normal for your dog. Get a video if possible, if your dog is not in immediate danger, as it can assist your veterinarian with diagnosis.

Licking Air May Be a Sign of Doggie Dementia

Declining cognitive abilities like Canine Cognitive Disorder (doggy dementia) can be a cause for air licking, especially when it primarily happens in the evening. It may be associated with other symptoms for this condition such as confusion, pacing, barking/whining at night, etc. A consultation with a veterinary behaviorist may be in order, but start with your primary-care veterinarian.

Licking Air May Be a Behavioral Issue

A dog licking the air can be one of the signs of an obsessive/compulsive disorder (OCD) that can also include biting the air. Again, context matters so keep track of what is going on at the time. Licking or biting the air is part of an attempt to self-sooth though an unproductive one. If this describes your dog, a neurologist may need to be part of their care team as well as a veterinary behaviorist.

This potential cause for why a dog is air licking can often go hand in hand with signs of anxiety in a dog. Most dogs who have OCD propensities are also anxious to varying degrees. If you suspect that your dog’s air licking is anxiety related, it’s important to reach out to a well-qualified dog behavior consultant or a veterinary behaviorist or both.

We all know dogs enjoy licking things. Your dog may simply be enthusiastic about the idea of a soon-to-be-enjoyed treat. If this is your dog, relish that enthusiasm! Otherwise, play detective and get to the root cause of the air licking by looking at the surrounding context.

Dog Food’s Effect on Yeast Infections and Severe Allergies

Dog food can be the cause of a dog's allergies and chronic yeast infections. So which dog food is best for allergies and yeast infection.
Dog ear infections, allergies, and yeast infections can all be due to dog food. Credit: Dimarik | Getty Images

If your dog is suffering from skin irritation, ear infections, or digestive issues—often caught in a cycle of chronic discomfort—veterinary intervention is crucial. While it’s true that a growing body of evidence highlights the significant role that diet plays in either aggravating or alleviating the underlying causes of these problems, it’s not a one-for-all dog food choice.

Dog Food Allergies and Skin Infections

Among the most common concerns of dog owners are skin allergies and yeast infections, which are often interconnected. To begin with, it is essential to recognize the difference between environmental and food-related allergies. Although many pet owners suspect food allergies when their dogs display symptoms like itching, red skin, or digestive discomfort, true food allergies in dogs are relatively rare.

Research indicates that food allergies only impact about 20% of dogs. In most cases, allergies in dogs are caused by environmental triggers such as pollen, mold, dust mites, fleas, or household cleaning products. However, for the small percentage of dogs that do suffer from food sensitivities or allergies, dietary management becomes a key component of symptom control.

When dogs react to their food it means that their immune system is mistaking a typically harmless ingredient as a threat. This misidentification prompts the body to mount an inflammatory response, which may present as skin irritation, hot spots, gastrointestinal upset, or recurrent ear infections.

Animal Protein and Dog Allergies

One of the most common culprits in such food-related allergies are animal proteins. Dogs are most often allergic to proteins like beef and chicken, which are among the most widely used ingredients in commercial dog foods. Other proteins such as pork, lamb, and even fish can trigger similar responses in sensitive dogs, although these are somewhat less common.

Dairy products can also lead to issues, especially since adult dogs are lactose intolerant. Like most adult mammals, dogs lack an enzyme called lactase, which is necessary to break down lactose, the sugar found in milk. Consuming dairy that has not been treated with lactase can result in gastrointestinal discomfort and contribute to systemic inflammation, further exacerbating skin issues.

Additionally, eggs, while highly digestible, may also pose a risk to dogs that are allergic to chicken, due to the similarity in proteins between the two ingredients. While sensitivities to grains such as wheat and corn are even more uncommon, some dogs do exhibit adverse reactions to them, as well as to legumes, such as soy and peas.

Dog Food Elimination Trials

Because dog foods often contain a long list of ingredients, determining the exact cause of an allergic reaction can be challenging. Limited ingredient diets can help in this regard, as they reduce the number of potential allergens and typically feature a single source of protein. These diets are useful for dog elimination trials, which introduce new ingredients one at a time to determine if they trigger a reaction.

Novel Protein Dog Diets

Another effective strategy involves the use of novel protein diets. These diets feature proteins that a dog is unlikely to have encountered before, such as duck, venison, rabbit, bison, or kangaroo. Since the immune system has not been sensitized to these proteins, they are less likely to provoke a reaction.

Best Diet for Dog Yeast Infections

In the case of yeast infections, the connection to diet is equally compelling. Yeast infections in dogs are caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a naturally occurring yeast that lives on the skin and in the gut. Under normal conditions, Candida remains in balance with other microorganisms in the body. However, when this delicate balance is disrupted by factors such as antibiotics, corticosteroids, immune suppression, or underlying allergies, yeast can quickly grow out of control and cause infection. These infections commonly manifest as itchy skin, foul-smelling ears, constant paw licking, and digestive upset.

A diet high in carbohydrates creates an ideal environment for yeast overgrowth. This is because carbohydrates, especially those derived from grains and starchy vegetables, are broken down into sugars that the yeast then feeds on.

Many commercial dog foods contain high inclusions of these ingredients, including wheat, corn, rice, oats, potatoes, and peas. Grain-free options can be misleading, as they often rely heavily on legumes and root vegetables that are high in carbohydrates. For dogs prone to yeast infections, it is important to shift toward a low-carbohydrate diet that limits these starchy ingredients and emphasizes high-quality, easily digestible animal proteins.

Look for Anti-Inflammatory Ingredients

In addition to reducing carbohydrate intake, focusing on anti-inflammatory ingredients can help control both yeast infections and allergies. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly those derived from fish oil, algae, or flaxseed, are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and can support the health of your dog’s skin and coat. Including these nutrients in the diet helps to reduce systemic inflammation, alleviate itching, and promote healing. Other beneficial nutrients include biotin and zinc, which support skin repair, and vitamin E, an antioxidant that contributes to skin health and helps to control inflammation.

Probiotics Can Suppress Yeast Growth

Supporting the health of your dog’s gut is another crucial aspect of managing both yeast infections and allergies. A healthy digestive tract plays a central role in immune function and can significantly influence the severity of allergic responses and yeast overgrowth. Introducing probiotics into your dog’s diet can help maintain a balanced microbiome and help suppress the growth of harmful organisms like Candida.

Probiotics may be found in some high-quality commercial foods and can also be added to your pet’s diet in the form of a supplement. Some pet owners also choose to incorporate fermented foods such as unsweetened kefir or yogurt, though care must be taken to avoid dairy-based products unless they have been appropriately processed to remove lactose.

Hydrolyzed and Hypoallergenic Diets

For dogs with severe or persistent symptoms, prescription hypoallergenic or hydrolyzed diets may be necessary. Hydrolyzed diets involve breaking down proteins into smaller amino acids and peptides, which are less likely to be recognized by the immune system as allergens. These formulas are often recommended for dogs that have not responded to standard elimination diets or who experience frequent relapses.

Because hydrolyzed diets are typically available only through veterinary prescription, it is important to consult with a veterinarian before starting such a regimen. Furthermore, pet owners should avoid introducing supplements or treats that could reintroduce allergens or unnecessary carbohydrates, thereby undoing the benefits of a controlled diet.

While not all cases of skin irritation, ear infections, or digestive upset can be resolved through diet alone, nutrition plays an undeniably significant role in managing these conditions. By eliminating common allergens, reducing carbohydrate intake, supporting the gut microbiome, and including anti-inflammatory nutrients, pet owners can create a dietary environment that helps their dog’s body resist infection and reduce inflammation. Alongside proper veterinary care, a well-balanced, thoughtfully selected diet can greatly improve your dog’s comfort and long-term health.

Beef and Brown Rice Homemade Dog Food Recipe

Nutritionally complete homemade dog food can keep your dog in excellent health for a fraction of the cost of raw and other premium brands.
If you think making your own dog food is too complicated, think again! This simple beef and brown rice recipe is made with easy-to-find human-grade ingredients. Credit: nensuria | Getty Images
Providing a balanced, home-cooked diet for your dog doesn't have to be complicated! This simple yet nutritionally complete beef and brown rice recipe follows NRC guidelines for adult maintenance and uses ingredients readily available at most supermarkets.
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How to Find the Best Natural Dog Food

Many brands claim to be natural dog food, but how can you know if you're getting the best dog food.
A good natural dog food is made without artificial colors, flavors, or chemical preservatives, and with recognizable ingredients that are minimally processed. Credit: Jack F | Getty Images

Many dog owners today are in search of natural dog foods—meals that avoid artificial ingredients, use whole-food sources, and have functional ingredients that support their pet’s overall health in a more holistic way. But with so many brands claiming to be “natural,” how can you tell what is truly high-quality and what is just marketing?

 

What Is Natural Pet Food?

The word “natural” can mean different things depending on who is using it, but natural dog food brands should be products made without artificial colors, flavors, or chemical preservatives, and with recognizable ingredients that are minimally processed.

Best Natural Dog Food Brands

For those wanting to feed their dog a high-quality natural diet, a few standout brands are consistently well-reviewed by veterinarians, nutritionists, and dog owners alike. Our favorites include:

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The Honest Kitchen offers human-grade dehydrated dog food made from minimally processed ingredients. This is especially appealing to pet owners who want to add water and serve fresh without having to cook diets from scratch.

Open Farm emphasizes ethically sourced meat, traceable ingredients, and environmentally conscious practices. Their recipes include responsibly raised meats, organic produce, and are free from fillers and synthetic additives.

Spot & Tango is a highly rated brand that offers fresh, pre-portioned meals with limited, whole-food ingredients. Their “UnKibble” line provides a dry food alternative for those who want something shelf-stable but still natural and minimally processed.

Stella & Chewy’s is a strong choice for raw feeders or those interested in freeze-dried options. Stella & Chewy’s is well-known for their raw-inspired diets made from grass-fed, cage-free, and wild-caught proteins. Their products offer a convenient way to feed a more biologically appropriate diet without the mess or food safety concerns of raw meat.

Natural Dog Food Ingredients

When choosing a natural food for your dog, the best place to start is with the ingredients list. Ideally, the first ingredient should be a named animal protein, such as chicken, beef, lamb, or salmon. Avoid products that use vague terms, like meals or byproducts, which can indicate less-desirable cuts or parts of the animals they are sourced from.

A quality natural dog food may also contain whole food sources or carbohydrates and fiber, like brown rice, oats, sweet potatoes, or lentils. If vegetables, fruits, or beneficial herbs are included, it is a good sign of a brand focused on nutrient diversity and natural functionality. It is also wise to look for foods preserved with natural compounds like tocopherols (vitamin E) rather than synthetic preservatives like butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), or ethoxyquin.

Look for Transparency in a Natural Dog Food

Transparency in sourcing is an indication of a trustworthy brand for natural dog food. Brands that clearly state where their ingredients are sourced—ideally within the U.S. or from countries with strict agricultural regulations—tend to take quality control more seriously. Additionally, it is worth checking into whether the company manufactures its own food or outsources production, as brands that own and operate their own facilities have the ability to maintain tighter manufacturing oversight.

Remember, natural does not always mean grain-free, and for most dogs, whole grains such as brown rice or oats offer a good source of nutrition and energy. Grain-free diets are sometimes recommended for dogs with specific sensitivities, but they are not inherently more “natural” or healthier. What is most important is how digestible and nutritious the total recipe is, and whether it fits your dog’s specific age, breed, activity level, and health needs.

Ultimately, the best natural dog food is one that uses whole, recognizable ingredients, avoids unnecessary additives, and is formulated to meet the nutritional standards set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

If you are unsure which product is best for your dog, your veterinarian can help guide your choice based on any allergies, sensitivities, or specific health concerns your dog may have. Feeding a natural diet can contribute to improved energy, healthier coat, better digestion, and overall wellness in your dog. By choosing quality ingredients and reputable brands, you are not just feeding your dog—you are investing in their long-term health and vitality.

Best Anxiety Meds for Dogs

The best anxiety meds for dogs treat specific anxieties with minimal side effects.
This dog is clearly anxious. While an herbal supplement may help calm him down, working with a trainer is your wisest choice. For anxiety medications, you need a veterinary assessment. Credit: Alexandra Jursova | Getty Images

If you need an anxiety medication for your dog, you need a veterinarian to assess your dog and prescribe it. However, there are over-the-counter anxiety solutions for dogs that I like. A classic example is for dogs who get nervous or car sick when traveling.

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  • Recommendations for the best dog food for your dog.
  • Dry food, homemade diets and recipes, dehydrated and raw options, canned food and more.
  • Brands, formulations and ingredients all searchable in an easy-to-use, searchable database.

Plus, you’ll receive training and care guidance to keep your dog healthy and happy. You’ll feed with less stress…train with greater success…and know you are giving your dog the care he deserves.

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My Dog Eats Treats But Not Food

If your dog isn't eating his food, but is eating treats he might be sick or he might just be a picky eater.
If your dog doesn’t want to eat, start by looking for an illness, then consider things like how many treats he’s consumed during the day. Credit: Julia Kostiuchenko | Getty Images

Why is my dog not eating is a question that I get regularly from clients. In cases where illness has already been ruled out, there are several behavioral reasons why your dog doesn’t want to eat.

If your dog is eating treats but not food, the reason could be you! I have come across involved dog parents so dedicated to training that they are wearing a treat pouch 24/7 and reinforcing far more behaviors than necessary. In these cases, the dog has been grazing all day and is no longer interested in meals, no matter how tasty they may be. Obviously, the solution to this scenario is to stick with a scheduled training session for treat reinforcements versus an all-day thing.

Feed Different Dog Foods

At the top of the list is that the dog is bored with their food. Dogs need variety in meals, too. Your dog may eat the same food day in and day out at each meal and never complain but not all dogs want to exist this way without some sort of backlash. If your dog is refusing breakfast but eats dinner, I would suspect this cause. Your dog is eating to stay alive. I don’t think that anyone wants their dog to feel like that, right?

My suggestion to clients when this is the obvious issue, is to find three or four types of kibble (it’s always kibble that this scenario applies to) that fall in line with the kind that is already well tolerated by the dog, either protein wise or brand wise. If they can vary proteins and the dog both likes the food and digestively tolerates it well, that is even better.

Rotate meals. One thing for breakfast and another thing for dinner. Vary again the next day. Repeat. This will help prevent boredom with meals.

My Dog Doesn’t Want to Eat

Another behavioral issue that can result in not eating meals is too much owner-created attention to eating meals. Basically, micromanaging meals creates anxiety on the part of the dog and results in not eating meals. Your dog won’t eat while you are anxiously waiting for him to eat. I did this with my heart dog, Merlin. It resulted in learning far more about dog nutrition and kibble than I ever anticipated, along with a future of either feeding a raw diet or home cooking for all dogs from him on. If you think that you have created a situation like this, the wonderful Applied Animal Behaviorist, Kathy Sdao has a webinar on this subject.

Why Is My Dog Not Eating?

Behavioral reasons that I hear “why is my dog not eating?” can include:

  • Anxiety/stress over a change in routine, family dynamics, etc.
  • Recent change in food/diet.
  • Stress resulting from a vet visit/vaccinations (report this to your veterinarian if your dog received vaccinations or medications at the visit).

Illnesses That Cause a Dog to Stop Eating

A variety of medical reasons can cause your dog to not want to eat. All would require a consultation with your dog’s veterinarian, in some cases, sooner rather than later. “Why isn’t my dog eating” can be a medical emergency if it’s a sudden change. Reasons for not eating that require veterinary care include:

  • Pain
  • Illness
  • Blockage
  • Bloat
  • Dental issues
  • New medication

Sometimes we need to be detectives to keep our dogs healthy and happy, just another skill we need to develop to be good dog parents.

Can Dogs Get Sick from Humans?

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Humans can get sick from their dogs, and vice versa with a host of diseases being shared between the species.
Can your dog catch your cold? Knowing which diseases you and your dog are at risk of sharing can help keep the whole family—human and canine alike—happy and healthy. Credit: AndreyPopov | Getty Images

Can dogs get sick from humans? Can humans get sick from dogs? The answer to both questions is yes.

Certain bacteria, viruses, and parasites are zoonotic, meaning they can spread from animals to humans. Reverse zoonosis occurs when humans transmit germs to dogs.

“We’re all mammals, and there are certain diseases that can cross over in either direction, so we have to be a little concerned about those things,” says veterinarian Will Sander, an assistant professor of preventive medicine and public health at the University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine.

So, what organisms and critters can spread from humans to canines and vice versa? Let’s break down these crossover contagions.

Can Dogs Get Sick from Humans?

Though it’s relatively rare, humans can pass germs to dogs. “Many of us live very closely with our dogs, and we can share diseases that way,” Dr. Sander says.

Diseases that dogs can catch from humans include:

COVID-19

The virus that causes COVID-19 is one of the most recent and headline-grabbing examples of reverse zoonosis.

“We had somewhere between 200 and 300 cases reported where dogs got sick from people,” Dr. Sander says. “A very, very small number of those dogs died. Most just got some gastrointestinal and respiratory effects.”

Tuberculosis/TB

People can also transmit bacterial infections to dogs. Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious respiratory illness. It can spread from infected people to canines through close contact with a dog or even through the air inside a home. (TB is rare in dogs, but dogs can also transmit it to people.)

MRSA

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is another bacteria that dogs can pick up from humans, especially if a pooch licks the skin of an infected person.

“Dogs don’t actually have Staphylococcus aureus that much on their skin,” Dr. Sander says. “It’s more of a human bacterium, and so when we see things like MRSA, it’s usually coming from their family, and that somebody in that family has had an MRSA infection.”

E.coli

E.coli bacteria can be passed between two and four-legged family members. Dr. Sander says there have been cases where E. coli was the culprit that caused urinary tract infections, which spread throughout entire households, including the dog.

“It could happen when somebody with a urinary tract infection does not wash their hands well, or the dog licks the toilet bowl and gets infected,” Dr. Sander says.

Can Humans Get Sick from Dogs

While many infections in dogs do not pose a risk of spreading to people, there are several viruses, bacteria, and parasites that dogs can transmit to humans, both directly and indirectly.

Stopping germs from spreading is something veterinarian Stephanie Janeczko, vice president of shelter medicine services for the ASPCA, considers a top priority.

“Infectious diseases are certainly an ongoing concern, particularly in settings where dogs have close contact with many other dogs,” Dr. Janeczko says. “They are something that we absolutely spend a lot of time working to prevent in shelter settings.”

Infections that humans can get from dogs include:

E.coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter

Dogs can also spread E. coli and other bacteria, like Salmonella and Campylobacter, to humans through their feces. But Dr. Janeczko and other veterinarians also warn about the potential indirect spread of bacteria to humans from certain dog foods.

“We know that people exposed to dogs who are fed raw diets are at increased risk of exposure,” Dr. Janeczko says. “It might be because you were handling that food that was contaminated, then you became exposed, too.”

While medical experts may have differing opinions about raw diets and the risks, these types of bacteria can cause serious infections, even death, in humans and dogs.

Leptospirosis

Another potentially dangerous organism that veterinarians urge should be on more people’s radar is Leptospira bacteria, which causes leptospirosis, also known as lepto.

For pet owners asking their veterinarians, “Is leptospirosis zoonotic?”, the answer is: It’s one of the most common and dangerous zoonotic diseases in the world.

“We’re actually seeing more leptospirosis in dogs over the last couple of decades,” Dr. Sander says.

Leptospira bacteria are spread through the urine of infected wild, farm, and domestic animals. Dogs can contract it if they come into contact with contaminated soil, other infected animals, or their remains. Lepto can also spread in floodwaters, rivers, lakes, and ponds.

Without treatment, leptospirosis can make animals and people very ill, even causing death.

Rabies

And while we’re talking worst-case scenarios, canines (and other animals) can spread the deadly rabies virus to humans.

Dogs typically contract rabies after being bitten by an infected wild animal or a domestic animal (such as a dog or cat) that has contracted the disease. The virus is transmitted through saliva, so if a rabid dog bites a human or licks a person’s open wound, they can become infected.

“It’s really serious,” Dr. Sander says. “It’s one of those few diseases we know of that’s usually 100% fatal. It’s one of those you don’t want to play around with.”

Common Dog Diseases That Don’t Spread to Humans

While serious viruses like parvo and distemper can easily spread between dogs, they are not contagious to people.

Is Influenza Zoonotic?

Can people give their dogs the flu? Can dogs give people influenza?

The short answer is “sometimes.” There are various strains of influenza, and some are zoonotic. Also, flu viruses are constantly changing and can mutate in ways that affect their ability to spread between species.

“The way the virus is set up, it’s prone to having a lot of mutations,” Dr. Sander says. “When those mutations happen, we see shifts. Things are always shifting and changing.”

It’s always a good idea to consult the latest research or seek medical advice if you have questions, but here is the current information on several strains of influenza as of this writing:

Dog Flu/Canine Influenza

Although the dog flu, or canine influenza, is highly contagious among dogs, there have been no reported cases of humans contracting the virus that causes the disease.

Avian Influenza/Bird Flu

Avian influenza, which has jumped from birds to cows to cats (cats are very susceptible) and to humans, is a hot topic these days. Right now, the risk of dogs contracting bird flu remains low. “We have been fortunate that dogs have not been impacted,” Dr. Sander says.

Of course, if a dog eats or interacts with infected animals, they run a greater risk of contracting the disease. The key is to limit potential exposure to the virus.

Human Flu (Influenza A and B)

While the flu can make most people absolutely miserable and spread easily among humans, it’s unlikely dogs will contract it.

“There have been a few cases, but it’s pretty uncommon that the flu has been able to spread from people to dogs,” Dr. Sander says.

Preventing the Spread of Zoonotic Disease

Several common-sense precautions can help prevent the spread of infections, which can help save the lives of both people and dogs.

Vaccinations

Always ensure dogs are up to date on their vaccinations.

“Vaccines are a cornerstone of the way that we seek to limit transmission for several infectious diseases, some of which are zoonotic. This includes rabies and leptospirosis,” Dr. Janeczko says.

Pet owners should consult with their veterinarian to determine the best protocol for their dog, which should include core vaccines for parvovirus, distemper, rabies, and even leptospirosis.

“There’s been a good vaccine in place for quite a while for leptospirosis for dogs,” Dr. Sander says. “It’s something that the American Veterinary Medical Association and other big national animal associations have endorsed in the last two years as being considered a core vaccine for dogs.”

Flea, Tick, and Parasite Prevention

Fleas, ticks, and intestinal parasites are among the grossest, most disease-spreading critters that canines can bring home to their humans, which can, directly and indirectly, cause health issues for both species. Using broad-spectrum dewormers can help minimize the risk of intestinal parasitic infections dogs can pick up and pass to humans.

“Most people would be giving these as part of their monthly heartworm preventive; most have a dewormer in them that will provide protection against parasites like roundworms or hookworms,” Dr. Janeczko says.

Using pet flea and tick prevention can also help limit the exposure of both dogs and humans to many potentially dangerous diseases. Some ticks carry Lyme disease, Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, and Babesiosis.

Fleas may harbor germs like Bartonella, typhus, and the plague.

Topical, chewable, and spray-on preventatives help stop these biting bugs from infecting dogs and people.

Hand Hygiene

One of the easiest ways people can prevent the spread of germs is to wash their hands after having contact with their dog, their dog’s food and water bowls, and after picking up their pooch’s poop.

Pet parents should also follow safe food handling protocols when feeding their dogs to help reduce the risk of bacterial transmission.

“Hand hygiene goes a really long way in helping to mitigate infectious disease risk for zoonotic diseases,” Dr. Janeczko says. “That’s an important aspect of it.”

Safeguards During Sickness

Hand hygiene is also crucial in preventing the spread of diseases, especially when a pet or person is sick. People should wash their hands immediately after any direct contact with a dog or human who is ill or after touching anything they’ve touched. It’s essential to race for soap and water after cleaning up bodily fluids, such as urine, diarrhea, or vomit.

Don’t allow dogs to snuggle, kiss, lick people, or come in close contact with other animals or humans who are sick.

Wearing a mask and avoiding coughing or sneezing around dogs if someone in the household has a respiratory illness can help prevent dogs from contracting it.

If a dog or human appears to be sick, seek medical attention, and be sure to mention any other illnesses in the household, as well as the presence of pets.

“A lot of times physicians or nurse practitioners don’t always ask that question, and it opens up other possibilities for them to think about what could be causing you to be sick, too,” Dr. Sander says. “I always tell people to advocate for themselves and let doctors know what’s going on.”

The bottom line is that while you should be aware of the germs and parasites in your environment, they should not prevent you and your dog from having a loving relationship.

“The risk is not huge, but take common-sense precautions,” Dr. Sander says. “Good hygiene and preventive measures are really what’s needed, and just not letting our guard down.”

 

Selegiline for Dogs with Cognitive Dysfunction

Selegeline for dogs with cognitive dysfunction can help dogs better manage their cognitive decline.
If your senior dog is becoming unusually restless at night, it may be time to discuss the possibility of cognitive dysfunction with your veterinarian. Credit: Svetlana Repnitskaya | Getty Images

Selegiline, or Anipryl, is a medication to help senior dogs with signs of cognitive dysfunction. In senior dogs, cognitive dysfunction, or dementia in dogs, often shows up as increased vocalization, sundowners syndrome (confusion and/or agitation that occurs at the end of the day), and general wandering at night.

Dogs with cognitive dysfunction often seem unaware of their world. Some dogs may start eliminating in the house and lose interest in activities they used to enjoy. Selegiline, or the brand name Anipryl, may help you and your dog cope with his mental decline.

Selegiline Worked for Dog With Cognitive Dysfunction

Kate’s Belgian Tervuren, Queezle, was 12 years old when she started on selegiline for canine cognitive dysfunction. Queezle had started nocturnal pacing and fussing, keeping Kate and her husband up at night.

“Within a week of starting on selegiline, Queezle was sleeping through the night and much brighter and happier. We hadn’t realized just how grumpy she had gotten until we had the old Queezle back,” says Kate. Queezle earned her Champion Tracker title at age 13 and went on to live to age 16.

How to Use Selegiline for Dogs

Selegiline is usually dispensed as a tablet or capsule, although you may be able to get a transdermal patch that is placed on the inside of an ear, for example. Some owners have had liquid versions compounded.

Tell your veterinarian about any other medications or supplements your dog may be on. Selegiline interacts with several other drugs, including antidepressants and pain medications, as well as some other behavior-modifying medications. Because selegiline is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), you should avoid giving your dog hard cheese or cured meat while on this drug.

Note: MAOI drugs act on the neurotransmitter called dopamine in the brain. Among other functions, dopamine helps with memory. Selegiline helps to maintain dopamine levels in the brain. Dopamine also helps to regulate levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Selegiline can help dogs with Cushing’s disease via this metabolic pathway.

Side Effects of Selegiline

Initial side effects when using selegiline in dogs may include restlessness and some confusion, which of course, mimic what you want to treat. Most dogs adjust, but it may take a few weeks to truly evaluate if selegiline is working for your dog.

Some dogs may show gastrointestinal upset ranging from vomiting and diarrhea to a decrease in appetite. Rarely, some dogs will show aggression or a loss of hearing.

Will Selegiline Work for My Dog?

Unfortunately, some dogs don’t show much of a response to selegiline. It’s important to discuss with your veterinarian how long the initial trial should be done to see if selegiline works for your dog. While some dogs show a response to the medication fairly quickly, some will take a few weeks. And some dogs won’t show any real change.

For best results with cognitive dysfunction, discuss supplements and possible diet changes with your veterinarian along with the possible prescription of selegiline. There are prescription diets and some over-the-counter dog foods, Purina Pro Plan Bright Mind, that are made to address problems with cognitive dysfunction in senior dogs. In addition, keeping your senior dog active with walks, food puzzles, scent games, and training can all help. It’s the dog version of crossword puzzles and Sudoku for your grandmother.

What Is the Best Novel Protein Diet for Dogs?

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Novel protein diets for dogs can help with skin and other allergies.
A novel protein diet may resolve a chronic itch that cannot be cured by traditional medications. Credit: Thiradech | Getty Images

A novel protein is often recommended when allergies or food sensitivities are believed to be causing persistent digestive upset, chronic ear infections, or ongoing skin issues like itchiness, redness, and hot spots. When traditional diagnostic methods or treatments fail to resolve these symptoms, veterinarians often recommend trying a novel protein diet or a dog elimination diet trial. These dietary approaches aim to uncover the triggers of food sensitives and offer relief through nutritional management. The result is often a significant improvement in your dog’s quality of life.

Finding a Novel Protein for Your Dog

A novel protein diet refers to foods that contain a protein source that your dog has never consumed before. The rationale behind using an unfamiliar protein is to reduce the likelihood of triggering an immune response, as allergic reactions occur when the body recognizes a benign substance as foreign or harmful.

Common protein sources such as chicken, beef, lamb, and turkey are frequent culprits for food allergies, simply because they appear so frequently in commercial dog food. By switching to a novel protein, such as rabbit, venison, duck, kangaroo, alligator or ostrich, you reduce the chance of including the ingredient responsible for the allergic response.

What Is an Elimination Diet?

Elimination diets are the gold standard for identifying food allergies or sensitivities in dogs. These diets consist of a limited number of ingredients, ideally with a single novel protein source and a single novel carbohydrate source, given exclusively to the dog over a period of eight to twelve weeks. During this time, no other foods, treats, supplements, or table scraps should be given.

The idea is to allow the dog’s immune system and gut to settle and observe whether symptoms improve or resolve completely. If improvement is observed, then individual ingredients from the previous diet can be reintroduced one at a time to try to determine which ingredient(s) trigger a reaction. This reintroduction process must be done cautiously and methodically to ensure that each ingredient’s effect is properly assessed.

Good Choices for a Dog’s Novel Protein Diet

Several reputable pet food brands offer novel protein formulas:

  • Zignature is known for its limited ingredient diets and features novel proteins such as kangaroo, catfish, and venison.
  • Natural Balance also produces a variety of limited ingredient and novel protein diets including duck, bison, and venison formulas.
  • Merrick and Instinct both offer raw-coated and grain-free recipes that include exotic proteins like rabbit, lamb, and duck.

While the availability of novel protein foods has grown in recent years due to increased awareness of canine food allergies, not all products are created equal. Some may include secondary or tertiary animal proteins that will be featured farther down in the ingredient list and can compromise the integrity of a novel protein diet. Because of this, it is crucial to carefully read labels and, whenever possible, opt for diets that are explicitly labeled as limited ingredient and contain only one clearly identified protein source.

Novel protein diets and elimination trials are invaluable tools for identifying and managing food allergies and sensitivities in dogs. By selecting less common protein sources and strictly adhering to a limited diet, pet owners can determine the root cause of their dog’s discomfort and chart a path forward that leads to long-term health and relief from symptoms. With guidance from a veterinarian, many dogs can thrive on novel protein diets and live happy, comfortable lives free from the discomfort from undiagnosed food sensitivities.

Hemp Oil for Dogs

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Hemp oil for dogs doesn't have its benefits from THC, but it's nutrition.
Hemp appears to be helpful for a number of canine conditions. However, although studies are becoming more common, there is still a lot that remains unknown about what hemp oils and other hemp-derived products can do for dogs. Credit: Vanessa Nunes | Getty Images

Hemp products for dogs are best-sellers, with sales approaching $1 billion per year. Although they have been shown to help reduce physical pain and treat anxiety in dogs and humans, hemp products are controversial as well as confusing. Here’s how to make sense of this rapidly growing market.

 

 

Hemp vs. Marijuana

Marijuana is a Schedule 1 controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act, making its sale and use illegal nationwide, but a confusing network of state laws legalize marijuana for medicinal or recreational purposes.

Hemp and marijuana come from the same plant, Cannabis sativa, but they have different legal definitions depending on how much tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)— the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana—they contain. In in the U.S., the federal definition of marijuana is a concentration of THC above 0.3%. Ingesting products containing significant amounts of THC can be harmful to dogs.

Products containing less than 0.3% THC are considered safe for human and animal consumption, though state regulations vary. The most restrictive state laws are seldom enforced, so low-THC products for human and animal use are sold nationwide.

Hemp, which has little or no THC, has been used for centuries to produce oil used in ink, paint, varnish, lamp oil, and cooking as well as fiber for rope and fabrics. Hemp oil is cold-pressed or chemically extracted from the hemp plant.

What Are Cannabinoids?

Cannabinoids are naturally occurring chemicals in hemp that interact with receptors in human and animal bodies to regulate mood, memory, appetite, and pain, affecting the central nervous and immune systems. There are over 100 cannabinoids in hemp, including CBD (cannabidiol, which is the most widely used), CBC (cannabichromene), CBDA (cannabidiolic acid), and CBG (cannabigerol). Alone and in combinations, these cannabinoids have been shown to reduce pain, stress, and anxiety in dogs as well as humans.

Hemp Seed Oil vs. CBD Oil

While both hemp seed oil and CBD oil may be referred to broadly as “hemp oil,” they are different products. CBD oil is made from the stems, leaves, and flowers of the hemp plant. Hemp seed oil is pressed or extracted from the seeds of hemp plants. It does not contain CBD.

Benefits of Hemp Seed Oil for Dogs

Hemp seed oil’s health benefits come from its ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids and its ability to improve skin, reduce blood pressure, promote heart health, and reduce painful inflammation.

Pure 100% hemp seed oil is sold as a food for humans, such as Foods Alive Organic Hemp Seed Oil and Indian Foods Organic Hemp Seed Oil.

Products labeled as hemp seed oil for pets seldom contain the oil by itself. Instead, they are usually combinations of hemp seed oil and calming herbs like chamomile, calming supplements like melatonin, nutritional supplements like vitamins, or other oils such as krill, salmon, or flaxseed.

For example, Good Growlies Calming Hemp Treats contain hemp seed powder, hemp seed oil, melatonin, valerian root, chamomile, passion flower, and L-tryptophan, all of which have proven calming effects. Natural Dog Company’s Calming Oil contains similar ingredients. NaturVet Hemp Advanced Joint Health Chews combine hemp seed powder and hemp seed oil with collagen, chondroitin sulfate, green lipped mussels, yucca, and other anti-inflammatory ingredients. Petkin HEMP Itch Spray treats hot spots and itchy skin with THC-free hemp oil, lavender extract, menthol, organic oat extract, aloe, and vitamin E.

CBD for Dogs

While research into the effects (and effectiveness) of CBD on dogs is becoming more common, completed studies and clinical trials are still hard to come by. CBD is thought to be useful for controlling pain, nausea, anxiety, depression, and seizure activity. It has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties.

For more information see these articles:

Side Effects of CBD for Dogs

There are no guarantees about how CBD will act in an individual body because every dog’s response is unique. CBD appears to be safe at many times the recommended dosage for brief periods and at recommended doses for longer periods, but again, reactions vary.

Reduce or stop using CBD if your dog shows side effects such as:

  • Dramatic drowsiness
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms
  • Physical discomfort
  • Agitation

CBD Product Dosages for Dogs

Most CBD labels suggest a starting dose of 1 or 2 milligrams (mg) per 10 pounds of body weight directly on the tongue, in food, in a treat, or applied directly to the skin. A conservative approach is to use half the recommended amount for a first dose, as individual responses vary. Within an hour or two, your dog may show an obvious reaction, such as moving more easily or looking more relaxed. If not, experiment with 1 mg per 10 pounds of body weight for a low dose, 3 mg per 10 pounds of body weight for a medium dose, and 5 mg per 10 pounds of body weight for a stronger dose.

If your dog doesn’t show any reaction at all, increase the dose next time. In general, chronic issues respond well with long-term, steady, lower quantities over time, while situational stresses can respond to higher quantities in a short time.  A dog who has overdone it and is in pain or discomfort could benefit from a short-term dose that’s double or triple product’s label recommendation.

Low-strength doses support sleep and general wellness while higher-strength doses may help with pain, inflammation, anxiety, aggression, and reactions to fireworks, thunder, and other loud noises. Many veterinarians recommend staying with an introductory dose for 3 to 5 days before gradually increasing the amount.

Finding Reliable Hemp Seed Oil and CBD Products for Dogs

Hemp-derived products vary in quality and potency. Tests conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other organizations confirm that inaccurate label claims, incorrect CBD quantities, and product quality problems are widespread. Most of the information available to dog owners comes from advertising claims and product labels.

“Buyer beware” is sensible advice in this market.

The first step in finding a reliable product for your pup is to learn about different manufacturers and focus on those who clearly describe their philosophy, history, raw material sourcing, products, and use instructions. If your veterinarian has experience with CBD products, ask for recommendations. To help pet owners, the Veterinary Cannabis Society offers a curated research library, collections of popular articles, and a directory of practitioners.

Look for third-party test results, which are chemical analyses resulting in Certificates of Analysis (COAs) from a laboratory not affiliated with the product’s manufacturer. Reliable manufacturers test every batch of every product for purity, safety, potency, and accurate labeling. In addition, the NASC or National Animal Supplement Council’s Quality SealUSDA Organic Seal, and U.S. Hemp Authority Seal ensure that best manufacturing practices were followed in the product’s sourcing, production, and labeling.

Trends in Hemp Pet Products

Popular hemp-derived products for dogs include tinctures, tablets, capsules, peanut butters, gummies, creams, biscuits, chews, toppers, powders, and oils. Most are oil-based, using hemp seed, camelina, coconut, avocado, or other vegetable oils. Most new products are edibles, but some are sprays or salves designed for topical application. Isolates are single cannabinoids, such as CBD, CBG, and CBC, and several products contain isolates that boost their effect on physical discomfort or anxiety.

Nanotechnology is the latest buzz word in CBD product manufacturing, along with water-soluble cannabinoids. For examples, see Super Snouts Hemp Company,

Arkos Bioscience CBD Pet Tincture, Science-Rite CBD Tincture for Dogs, and

American Shaman Water Soluble CBD Oil for Dogs. These rapidly absorbed products can be added to drinking water, dropped into a dog’s mouth, or mixed with food or treats.

The 5 Best Washable Dog Beds

The fable dog bed is one of the best washable dog beds that fits in a crate.
What did we look for in the best washable dog beds? Comfort, durability, and ease of use made the top products stand out. Credit: Jae Thomas
We tested 5 popular dog beds with washable covers at a variety of different price points to find the ones that are worth the money and will hold up to your dog’s daily sleeping routine.
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What Are the Best and Safest Chew Bones for Puppies?

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Puppies need to chew, so providering the best puppy bone is better than letting them chew the furniture.
It is far wiser to give your puppy an appropriate chew toy than to let him make his own choice. Credit: Stefan Cristian Cioata | Getty Images

Bones and chews should be tailored to your puppy’s specific age, size, breed, and chewing intensity. Not all products are safe or suitable for young dogs.

Providing your puppy with appropriate chewing options is an often-overlooked aspect of puppy care, especially during the teething phase. Just like human babies, puppies go through a stage where their baby teeth fall out and adult teeth emerge. This process can be uncomfortable and comes with an instinctive desire to chew on objects to relieve the pressure in their gums. Offering the best chews for teething puppies during this developmental window not only helps soothe their pain but also prevents them from targeting your belongings as chew toys. Among our favorite choices for puppy chews are the Kong Puppy Chew Dog Toy and the Nylabone Teething Ring Puppy Chew Toy.

The Best Chew Bones for Puppies

The best bones and chews for your puppy are those that promote safety and healthy dental development while satisfying your puppy’s urge to chew. Avoid very hard or cooked bones. Instead, look for softer bones, natural chews, soft rubber toys, and specially formulated puppy products. Reconsider if you’re looking at a rope chew for your puppy. Accidents can happen.

A good rule of thumb when selecting a chew is to look for products labeled specifically for puppies. These are tested, or at least developed, with safety in mind while meeting the chewing needs of a younger dog. Additionally, you should match the size and density of the chew to your puppy’s breed and age. A small-breed puppy needs a much smaller and softer chew than a large breed puppy who might require something a bit more robust to keep them occupied and satisfied.

Puppies Need Softer Chews

Marrow bones are sometimes recommended for adult dogs, but they are not ideal for teething puppies. While these bones contain nutrients and offer a natural chewing experience, they can be too hard for a puppy’s mouth and fragile milk teeth. Additionally, the hollow center can get wedged onto their jaws, leading to a vet visit.

No cooked bones for puppies. These should always be avoided as they are brittle and can splinter, leading to choking or internal injuries. Raw bones are less likely to splinter.

Consider beef knuckle bones for puppies. When it comes to bones, beef knuckle bones can help get stubborn puppy teeth out due to their shape. They are also softer than most of the long bones sold as marrow bones. Puppy-safe antlers and natural chews can also be considered, though they must be chosen carefully. Split elk antlers, for example, are sometimes recommended over whole antlers as they expose the softer marrow center and reduce the risk of tooth fractures. However, even these should be introduced cautiously and monitored closely.

Natural chews for puppies. Bully sticks and tendons are natural alternatives that provide a satisfying chew and can be easier on young teeth. These products tend to be digestible and flavorful, making them a popular choice among pet owners, though some can be high in calories and should be fed in moderation. Many pet brands offer synthetic bone alternatives specifically designed for teething puppies. These chews are often made from soft rubber or nylon, and some can be frozen to provide additional relief for sore gums.

Chewing should always be supervised, and the chew should be taken away if it begins to break apart, or if it becomes too small, as chunks can pose a choking hazard and obstruction risk. Consult with your veterinarian if you have concerns about which options are most appropriate for your dog’s age, breed, or health condition.