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Tethered for Success: The Do’s and Don’ts of Dog Tethers

By
Pat Miller, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA
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2
A dog tether used only for short term restraints can offer greater flexibility in training.
Tether your dog in locations where he is safely out of household traffic and can't get tangled in anything. Give him a comfy mat or bed and a food-stuffed toy or chewy.

I’ve long been a proponent of the appropriate, judicious use of tethers for dog training and management. This doesn’t mean tying up your dog in the yard all day while you’re at work, or for hours while you’re grocery shopping; it means short-term restraint under the direct supervision of a responsible human. Proper use of tethers can be a lifesaver in your dog’s training and management program.

You can purchase ready-made tethers (my favorites are from pettethers.com) or make them yourself out of sturdy, good-quality materials. While some people just tether with their dog’s leash, I don’t recommend this (except for short-term emergency tethering), as your dog can chew through a leash. A nylon-coated cable tether with sturdy clips on both ends can be attached to an eye-bolt screwed into a solid wall beam. 

We recommend tethering only with a plastic-coated cable, which resists tangling and can’t be chewed.

 Alternatively, if you clip the tether to an eye-bolt screwed into a block of wood, you can then slide the tether under a door and close it; the door will hold the tether in place (as seen in the photo above). 

You can also use the Pet n’ Place anchoring system to set up a portable tether outdoors and/or when you are traveling. This product is suggested for dogs who are less than 60 pounds; if your dog weighs more, use two! 

APPLICATIONS

There are a multitude of ways a tether can enhance your life with your dog, including:

* Housetraining. Reduce your not-yet-housetrained dog’s crate confinement by tethering instead of crating. It’s easy keep him with you as you move around the house, and he will still be inhibited from soiling his immediate tether space.

* Chewing. Rather than crating to supervise his puppy/adolescent predilection to chew everything he can get his teeth on, tether in chew-proofed locations so he can still accompany you around the house.

* Polite greeting. Tether your dog while you repeatedly approach to teach him to sit politely to greet people. You can also tether him while you greet visitors to your home, and then instruct your guests on how to greet him in order to reinforce polite greetings. For example, “When all four of the dog’s feet are on the floor, you can pet him. But if he jumps up, just step back out of range.”

* Present yet managed. Your dog may be social – perhaps too social. If he’s inclined to sit in everyone’s lap and not all your guests appreciate close encounters of the canine kind, you can tether him, rather than shut him away in a back room. He still gets to enjoy the company but can’t pester people. Again, coach your visitors that if they want to approach him, he needs to offer a polite sit in order to be greeted.

* Counter-surfing. In the kitchen, this is a must-do while you work to modify his counter-surfing behavior! (See “Useful Matters/Mat Training Tips,” WDJ January 2020 and “Counter Productive,” July 2020.) 

*Training. Use a tether when you need your dog to stay in one place during a training or behavior modification session, but his stay is not yet solid, for example, while playing “Nose Games,” etc. (see “Everyone Nose That/Understanding Your Dog’s Nose,” September 2019). 

* Other animal companions. If your dog is an attention hog, and every time your other dog comes up for some petting, he pushes her away and demands that you pet him instead, use his tether to ensure that she gets equal petting time. If your dog chases the cat out of the living room every time she tries to come in for a lap-visit, tether him and do counter-conditioning for the presence of the cat while also giving your feline family member some safe living room time.

* Restricted activity. If your dog is on the dreaded “restricted activity,” and if he will stay calm on a tether, tethering can be an alternative to crating.

* Feeding. Perhaps one of your dogs tends to gobble his food so he can go scavenge your other dogs’ bowls before they are done. You can tether your gobbler at his feeding station so you don’t have to constantly play traffic cop.

* Human mealtime. If your dog has learned the fine art of begging at the table, you can enhance your own dining experience by tethering him nearby, far enough away to prevent him from bugging you. He gets to be part of the family at mealtime but learns to mind his manners. 

The tether can be a great tool when used properly and can be instrumental in helping your dog stay in your lifelong loving home rather than be rehomed, or even euthanized. Value it, and use it with care. 

Tether Do's & Don'ts

The tether isn’t for every dog, nor every restraint situation. Here are some things to keep in mind if you use a tether with your dog:

Do these things when tethering:

✓ Take the time to introduce your dog to his tether gradually, with treats, so he has a positive association with it. This is especially important if he is sound-sensitive, as the tether clips can make a clanking noise, or if he has prior negative experiences with being chained or tethered.

✓ If your dog has any tendency to pull hard/yank on his tether, attach the tether to the back clip of a harness to avoid potential damage to his neck.

✓ Instruct your guests on how to greet your dog properly when he’s tethered, and provide them with treats so they can reinforce him properly when he sits.

✓ Provide constant supervision for your tethered dog so he can’t become tangled and injure himself.

✓ Provide your dog with a food-stuffed toy or other chewie when appropriate (i.e., if you are tethering during your meals) to help him settle and relax on his tether. (You can tether a stuffed Kong to his tether attachment so it doesn’t roll out of his reach.) 

Don’t do these things when tethering:

✓ Don’t use a tether if your dog is even mildly frightened or wary of it, unless you do ample conditioning first to convince him that it is wonderful.

✓ Don’t use the tether as punishment. It’s okay to use it as a calming time-out, but it should not be associated with any reprimands or coercive handling.

✓ Don’t leave your dog tethered and unattended. He can become tangled and injure himself.

✓ Don’t tether your dog where he can be harassed by other dogs or humans.

✓ Don’t tether your dog with a flat collar if he tends to pull hard on his tether, and never tether your dog on a choke chain or other collar that tightens. (They are called “choke chains” for a reason!)

✓ Don’t tether your timid dog where unfamiliar humans can approach him. If he must be tethered when humans are present, tether him at a distance where he can feel safer and you can still keep an eye on him, and surround him with exercise pens so no one can approach past his threshold distance. If he’s significantly fearful, do not tether him, ever, where unfamiliar humans might approach. Instead, put him in a safe room away from the action, inaccessible to visitors.

Add-On Wellness Plans

By
Cindy Foley
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1
Wellness visits are not covered by most "major medical" pet insurance plans. If you'd like an entire year to spread out the cost of routine care (a well-pet checkup with a blood test and perhaps a vaccination, heart worm test, and a prescription for a heart worm preventative), adding a wellness rider to your dog's major medical plan might work well for you.

At the close of 2019, 2.82 million pets had health insurance, according to the North American Pet Health Insurance Association. Over the past five years, the industry has grown 22.1% annually on average. That outstanding growth rate is big news. 

But pet insurance isn’t news to our readers. We’ve discussed the topic in depth twice over the past five years, in the September 2015 and March 2018 issues. And little has changed since those articles were published except for one thing: the increased number of companies offering wellness riders – optional insurance policy provisions that add benefits to or amend the terms of a basic policy.

“WELLNESS PLANS” ARE NOT HEALTH INSURANCE

Traditional pet health insurance plans help owners pay for the costs of diagnosis and treatment of unexpected and/or catastrophic injuries or illnesses; they don’t usually cover the cost of routine well-pet exams. 

Historically, pet insurance companies have offered “wellness” or “preventive” coverage as an add-on to a traditional pet health insurance policy. These are often marketed as incentive programs that will motivate us to make annual or semi-annual well-pet visits. If you’ve paid for a well-pet visit already in the form of a wellness rider that will reimburse you for that visit, you are more likely to follow through and get your dog in to see the vet! The twist is: If you don’t go, you don’t get reimbursed!

We’re all for well-pet visits. Dogs who are seen by their veterinarians regularly are most likely to have any problems with their health detected in the earliest stages, when treatments are most effective. Any tool that encourages owners to schedule these visits can literally save dogs’ lives. There’s a big catch, though: Despite the fact that the insurance companies market wellness riders as a way that owners can reduce and plan for the cost of routine veterinary care, these plans won’t necessarily save you money. They can do so – but you have to be extremely organized and knowledgeable about what routine care your dog will benefit from in the year ahead in order to realize savings from their purchase.

HELPING KEEP YOUR DOG’S HEALTHCARE ON TRACK

To repeat: Classic wellness plans essentially act like a financial incentive program that encourages the pursuit of routine veterinary examinations by reimbursing the insured pet’s owner for a set of pre-selected benefits, such as a well-pet visit, a screening blood test, vaccinations, heartworm testing, etc. 

For example, a wellness rider may cover the cost of an annual heartworm test and reduce the cost of monthly heartworm preventative medications. The routine administration of the preventative keeps your dog free of heartworms – and reduces the chance you will file a claim for a dog who needs treatment for heartworm disease. 

As another example, some companies’ wellness plans reimburse owners for a significant part of the cost of an annual dental cleaning. In small dogs, many of whom suffer periodontal problems that result in tooth loss, annual cleanings can help a little dog avoid losing 20 teeth in a $3,000 surgery – a win for everyone involved.

WHAT’S THE CATCH?

Again, these wellness riders are offered as adjunct to, not replacements for, your dog’s health insurance, which is what does help cover the cost of unexpected trips to the vet for injury or illness. Think of wellness plans, instead, as a pro-rated trip or two to the vet, where the cost is spread across an entire year, which can help ensure it’s in your monthly budget. 

As such, the potential reimbursements offered by the wellness plans are strictly limited in value. A plan that costs you $30 per month, for a total cost to you of $360 per year, might have an annual allowance of $400. Yes, the potential savings for that year is only $40 – and you will save that money only if you use every penny of the annual allowance by booking all of those wellness benefits. You could actually lose money on the plan if you fail to schedule and bring your dog in to your vet for the services you’ve paid for.

Honestly, it’s a bit like a casino: Unless you are a very savvy consumer, the odds favor the insurance company. It’s far more likely that the average dog owner will pay more for a wellness “plan” than they will receive as reimbursements for services their dogs enjoyed. You can get more value out of a wellness plan that you pay for in a monthly premium, but again, you have to be organized. You have to thoroughly research the plan ahead of time, making sure it will pay for (or significantly reduce the cost of) all the routine healthcare you plan to obtain for your dog – and then make sure you get that care. If you aren’t that disciplined, you may well lose money on these plans.

Comparing Wellness Plans Offered by Health Insurers

The table below lists only some of the many companies offering wellness riders to their health insurance plans and only some of the benefits the plans include. The health insurance companies don’t make it easy to compare their products with those of their competitors, but we’ve tried to simply illustrate how different the available plans are. 

The prices listed here are the amounts we found for wellness plans for a 2-year-old, small, mixed breed dog. As we built this table, we noticed that prices and allowances change frequently; these are accurate as of 10/1/20. 

Some companies offer more than one benefit level; we’ve used a slash symbol ( / ) to indicate the prices, allowances, and benefit levels of each tier of the plans offered. 

The largest benefit offered by many companies in their wellness plans is a reimbursement that can be used either for a spay/neuter surgery, dental cleaning, or other major expense. Our guess is that this is done because a dog may need spay/neuter surgery as a younger dog or a dental as an older dog, but rarely both in the same year. We showed those major benefits in the last column. 

COVERAGE WILL VARY

The wellness plans offered by pet health insurance companies vary widely. Some give you a ton of options; some lock you into a specific and limited set of veterinary services that qualify for reimbursement.

Some of the plans offer an extensive list of preventive options that you can use in their wellness plans. Embrace Pet Insurance, for example, includes Reiki, massage therapy, anal gland expressing, wearable pet activity monitors, acupuncture, and even medicated shampoos in the list of services that the plan will reimburse you for. Other plans, like Pumpkin Pet Insurance’s “Preventive Essentials Package,” focus on preventive basics with one well-pet veterinary visit, one fecal test, one test for a vector-borne illness test (such as Lyme disease), and two vaccinations. 

The difference is reflected in the cost. A wellness rider from Embrace for a small 2-year-old dog would cost $35 a month (a total cost of $420 for the year) with a $450 allowance. It offers the widest range of coverage choices we found and doesn’t dictate how much you can spend on each item. You could choose to spend the entire $450 allowance on acupuncture therapy, if you wanted – and you could do it all the first month of coverage, if you wished, but you still would be required to pay the monthly premiums for both wellness and health insurance for the full year.

Most riders we examined used monetary limits for their wellness coverage by individual items. For example, AKC/Pet Partners will reimburse you for a maximum of $50 or $65 (depending upon the level you choose) for flea and tick prevention. The actual the cost of a year’s worth of spot-on flea treatment for a small dog is more than that – depending on the product used, it may cost as much as $120. In cases such as this, the plan simply helps defray the cost of caring for your dog; it won’t cover the entire cost. 

Other plans cover a set quantity of specific services, such as the Pumpkin Pet package described above. The cost for this package for our hypothetical 2-year-old small dog would be $19 per month, for a total cost of $228. 

That sounds great – mostly because, at many clinics, the cost of all that likely exceeds $228, so Pumpkin Pet’s reimbursement to you for all that should mean that you saved money. But you need to read the insurer’s customer agreement carefully to see if they have limits on how much they will reimburse you for that one veterinary wellness visit.

Another Option: Wellness Packages Offered By Veterinary Practices

Many veterinarians and veterinary companies, like the 1,000-clinic Banfield Pet Hospital, have designed “wellness packages” for their clients. The benefit to you, as with any wellness coverage, is that it helps to defray the cost of the preventive measures your dog needs to be healthy. The benefit to them is that it pretty much binds you to their veterinary clinic for the year. 

These plans are prepaid preventive options that don’t require you to also purchase an accident/illness policy. They can be extremely helpful to those on a budget because, when working directly with your own clinic, you usually don’t have to pay the money up front and then be reimbursed. You just pay your monthly premium, and your dog gets the preventive care he needs.

THE RIGHT RIDER

Not all screening tests and preventive procedures are necessary. Ask your veterinarian for recommendations regarding preventive care and health screens, based on your dog’s age, activity, and predominant breed. 

Keep in mind that most of these riders are offered in combination with your accident/illness coverage. Because that part of your policy is your primary concern, the first thing you need to do is decide which insurer offers what you need for your dog. For more information about choosing a major medical policy, see “Rest Insured,” WDJ March 2018. To recap that article briefly: We advise that you choose an accident/illness policy without monetary or treatment policy limits and that you make sure that the actual fees on your veterinary invoice are used to determine reimbursement (as opposed to a “fee schedule”). 

Also important: Read the policy in full to ensure that any exclusions will not be a problem for you – and there are usually a lot of exclusions. For example, if you have a German Shepherd Dog, you’ll want to be sure hip dysplasia is covered. If you have a Papillon, look carefully at the dental coverage. Your veterinarian can offer an expert opinion to help you choose. 

After you’ve chosen your dog’s “health” insurance, read the wellness rider in full before you sign. Sometimes, the broad-strokes description of a wellness plan leaves owners with a more generous impression of what they will get for their money than what is described in fine detail in the customer agreement.

And, finally, remember that you need to exhaust the available benefits of a wellness plan over the course of the policy year to make the policy worth having; the funds do not roll over from year to year. If you have a $450 allowance and you used only $300 of it, you will have lost $150 when the policy renews. 

Cynthia Foley is a freelance writer and dog agility competitor in Warners, New York.

Slow Down!

By
Nancy Kerns
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0

I’ve always been sort of a wuss about my dogs, but just typing the headline above made tears spring into my eyes. Otto is fine, but he also just turned 13 years old and has a few health conditions my veterinarians and I are watching carefully. (Yes, of course I have more than one veterinarian on Otto’s healthcare team!) Thank dog for good insurance, which has been paying for semi-annual abdominal ultrasound examinations (keeping tabs on some growths on his liver) and blood and urine tests. I may not be able to keep him from getting older, but I am not going to be surprised by some long-developing condition, by golly. 

 But I have to say, it pains me to see him struggle ever so slightly to get up from a nap sometimes. Or to start panting suddenly, even when it’s not hot and we are just laying around. Or to feel yet another lump under his skin when I’m massaging his neck (his favorite) or rubbing his tummy – he’s already got a dozen or so lipomas hidden under that scruffy coat.

I just can’t even believe it’s already November – and in a way, the November of my life with Otto. 

Speaking of slowing down: On page 20, we have a review of products that are designed to slow your canine speed-eater down. Long-time contributor and dog trainer Stephanie Colman actually timed all of her poor dog’s meals, looking for the tools we could all use to help our dogs eat more slowly – perhaps even tasting the food before it goes down the hatch! I think I’m going to have to exert editorial privilege and ask Stephanie to ship the winning products to me; I’m always inventing ways to try to make meals last longer for my younger dog, Woody.

Woody got to model for a different article in this issue: On page 6, that’s him enjoying a little down-time with a food-stuffed Kong (just one of the tools I already employ to make him work for his calories). He’s demonstrating another one of my favorite dog-care tools, the tether, a short bit of plastic-coated cable with snaps on either end, which can be used to secure your dog in a safe, supervised, comfortable spot for a short time. The author of the article, WDJ Training Editor Pat Miller, is another long-time fan of tethers; she’ll tell you why she loves them so much in the article. 

I couldn’t resist using another photo in the article, one that I took to accompany the first article Pat Miller wrote about tethers for WDJ – way back in 2001. The photos is of a young boy standing just out of the jumping-up range of a jumping Jack Russell Terrier. That boy is my son, and he’s 28 years old now.

See what I mean? Time flies. Don’t waste it. Go give your oldest dog an extra hug and a kiss, right now!

An Update on Foster Puppy Coco

By
Nancy Kerns
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23
I couldn't take video and swim with Coco at the same time, but I was able to document her enjoyment of riding on paddleboard while Woody and Otto swam and ran along the shore.

If only it was summer. I have been so eager for the end of the hot, dry weather that characterizes every summer in my area – but now that I’m fostering a dog who would really benefit from swimming, I’m reneging on all my wishes for rain and lower temperatures. 

Coco is the little dog I first wrote about here. She’s an estimated six months old (this has been revised upward, given better exams of her teeth, which we can now examine at will). She can’t walk or trot like a normal dog, due to an as-yet undiagnosed problem with her hind legs, which only move together like a bunny or a kangaroo. (Speaking of kangaroos, a friend who is a regular volunteer at a zoo tells me that kangaroos can’t use their hind legs individually, either; they, too, apparently can *only * hop. Huh!)

For the past two weeks, I’ve been waiting for an appointment with a veterinarian who could actually see Coco move, to get a better idea of what’s going on with her. In the meantime, I’ve been working with Coco daily, doing some physical therapy exercises I found online for dogs who are recovering from injuries or surgery (this site has great descriptions and videos; here’s another video that shows a hind leg range-of-motion exercise I’ve been doing with her).

Based on my understanding of physical therapy, I’ve been speculating that whatever the cause of Coco’s condition may be, her brain is unaccustomed to exercising the nerves that trigger a normal movement pattern, so any exercise that send signals to the brain regarding new, better (more normal) movement options would be beneficial. To that end, swimming is often considered as one of the best therapies for issues like Coco’s. It’s non-weight-bearing and completely novel, which may be enough to help initiate the brain’s signals to kick her legs in the normal way for a swimming dog.

There is a river and several large lake-like reservoirs locally where I can take Coco and my other dogs to swim – but the water is FREEZING cold. I know that seems weird, given the hot weather. But the river and the reservoirs where I can take the dogs are downstream from the Oroville Dam – the tallest earthen dam in North America. This means that the water that comes out of the bottom of that dam is coming from a very deep, cold place. The water is super cold, which is a delight in super hot weather – but not great when the ambient temperatures drop, and not great for physical therapy-type swimming (which is typically conducted in warm pools, which keep the muscles loose and relaxed).

The lake behind the dam is warmer, at least at the kind of shallow depths that dogs swim in. But it’s been accessible only for the past week or so; miles and miles of its shoreline and tens of thousands of acres around it were burning until very recently. But finally, the other day, the planets lined up and I had a day off when it was hot and I got to take the dogs swimming.

Woody came along to the vet with us; his friendly, steady bulk makes Coco feel more confident in every new situation. When we first entered the vet’s exam room, Woody went right for one of the client chairs – and Coco jumped right up to sit with him. (Yes, the hospital has several “clinic cats”.)

Alas, we swam enough that I could see that Coco quickly started swimming in the same way that she runs: “dog paddling” with both front legs normally, and stroking both hind legs at the same time – essentially bunny-hopping in the water, too. It wasn’t a wasted trip by any means, though; Coco had fun in the water and running (hopping) along the shore with Woody, and the extra swimming time (and a life jacket) made her that much more comfortable in the water than she had been the first time I took her swimming. At the very least, I’m hoping that when I am able to find a pool or underwater treadmill for more therapy, she’ll be more comfortable and happy in the water. If this warm weather persists, we’ll go back to the lake for more non-weight-bearing exercise. It absolutely can’t hurt. 

Until today (as I write this) Coco hadn’t been seen by a veterinarian who had seen her move; she was still frozen with fear of people and the novel situations she had been thrust into when the North Complex Fire prompted area-wide evacuations. Today was a breakthrough for several reasons: A veterinarian finally saw her move! The clinic I took her to, in order to see this specific veterinarian, is back to allowing clients to come inside the clinic again – so I was able to go inside and discuss Coco’s history with the veterinarian, in person! We waited for our appointment outside, we wore masks, we paid for the visit and scheduled another while in the exam room, among other COVID-era accommodations – but at least I could go inside with Coco! And the vet was able to touch Coco without any party experiencing any fear – Coco is now experienced enough with humans that she allowed the vet to pet and massage her body and flex her joints, and the vet was without fear that Coco might bite her in fear! I could have cried!

After the vet examined Coco, the little dog felt comfortable enough to sit in her own chair in the exam room.

I was, at a minimum, hoping for a referral to a veterinary neurologist at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) at the University of California – Davis. But the vet who examined Coco thinks that her issues are not necessarily the result of some exotic neurological condition; she thinks that it’s likely that Coco was injured as a very tiny puppy, possibly even as she was born, and that the neurological “wiring” for a normal gait might still be sparked into action through physical therapy and exercises targeted to build her hind-limb muscles. In addition to practicing conventional veterinary medicine, this veterinarian also uses complementary therapies including acupuncture and chiropractic, and she suggested that Coco could really benefit from both continued physical therapy exercises and some acupuncture and laser therapy treatments. Excellent! We made another appointment for next week.

My most dog-crazy friend, Leonora, lives about a mile away from me. She is the owner of Samson, Woody’s tiny little buddy since they were puppies. Like me, Leonora fosters for our local shelter, and she was fostering a litter of six tiny puppies who were the exact same age as the litter of nine big puppies I was fostering five years ago. We both, without consulting the other, ended up keeping a puppy from our respective foster litters. She kept the tiniest pup, Samson; I kept the largest pup, Woody. We (all four of us) attended the same “puppy kindergarten” classes (Puppy 1 and 2) and Samson and Woody often play and hang out with each other, best of buddies in spite of their 65-pound size difference.

Despite the 65-pound difference in size, these two have been best friends forever.

Anyway, Leonora recently had to say goodbye to her senior dog, and no doubt because her house seems empty with just one tiny dog in it, she volunteered to have Coco stay at her house when I’ve had to pull a volunteer shift or even just go to town for errands. Having Coco spend time (and some nights) at Leonora’s house has given Coco experience with more humans and dogs, Samson someone to play with, and Woody gets a break from the constant attention he gets from Coco otherwise. (She’s sort of smitten with him, and who could blame her!) Leonora also helps with Coco’s PT exercises and she’s falling for the goofy little dog, I can tell.

That said, we’re not talking about permanent placement anywhere yet. We won’t be looking for a permanent home for Coco until we know that we’ve done everything we can to get her to move more comfortably and confidently through the world, so those wonky back legs have the best chance of remaining problem-free and arthritis-free as long as possible.

Which Dogs Should Not Receive CBD?

By
Barbara Dobbins
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6
Photo: aydinmutlu/Getty Images

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of over 90 cannabinoids produced by the Cannabis sativa plant and has great potential for therapeutic application in veterinary medicine. The 2018 Farm Bill legalized the regulated production and use of hemp and hemp products that contain less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the United States, and since then, CBD products have become widely available and interest in using CBD to treat our pets is increasing. This is due to not only anecdotal reports, but also scientific evidence of beneficial behavioral and health effects, especially for such conditions as pain (particularly with arthritis), inflammation, anxiety, seizures, and immune system modulation in companion animals.

Overall, CBD use in dogs appears to have a good safety profile and is at low risk for side effects. “Appears” is the key word here, however. Because cannabidiol and other hemp products were federally illegal until 2018, we are only now beginning to see the results of recent scientific studies conducted on these products.

It is known that dogs, like humans, have an endocannabinoid system (a complex cell signaling system); however, experts haven’t yet determined how it all works. Because we are in only the very early stages of understanding just how cannabinoid-based medications affect the canine body, we need to be cautious in administering CBD to our dogs. While we wait for the results of new and ongoing research, here are some key points to be aware of when considering CBD:

  • Currently, there are no veterinary drugs containing CBD that are approved by the United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA). CBD products are currently sold as nutritional supplements and “drug claims” about their use are strictly illegal.
  • There is little documented research, control, or regulation over CBD products. This can result in highly varying compositions, concentrations, and quality, even from one batch to the other of the same product. Because of this, consumers may not know what any individual product contains.
  • A recent study (“Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements”, Vet Med (Auckl). 2020;11:45-55) by Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine and ElleVet Sciences, a manufacturer of pet CBD products, tested 29 CBD pet products. Label guarantees to the cannabinoid concentration contained in the supplement were present on 27 of the 29 products, however, only 10 of the 27 “were within 10% of the total cannabinoid concentrations of their label claim.” Several tested below their label claims of cannabinoid concentration, and two products were found not to contain any CBD at all. Heavy metal contamination was found in four of the products, with lead being the most prevalent contaminant (three products).
  • Owners and veterinarians considering the use of CBD need to be aware of the prevalence of low concentration products. Obtaining a certificate of analysis (COA) from a third party laboratory will enable correct calculation of dosage.
  • There is not yet any data available as to the effects of long-term administration of CBD to dogs. It is also not known if there is any cumulative effect.
  • Of particular concern is any potential interaction between CBD and other medications. Because CBD is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes, it can affect the metabolizing of the other medications in the system. In turn, this can alter the efficacy of these other drugs, either by enhancing their activity or inhibiting the desired activity. Studies with humans have demonstrated that this interaction has impacted drug concentrations in the blood. It has been determined that there is the potential for interaction in humans with the drugs warfarin, tacrolimus, theophylline, ketoconazole, and zonisamide. As these drugs are also used in dogs, it is possible that that there may be interactions in the canine body as well. Other medications that CBD may interfere with include antibiotics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, blood thinners, and any other drugs metabolized by P450 enzymes.
  • Scientific studies have shown that CBD can cause an increase in the liver enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but the significance of this is not yet known. CBD is thought to be able to enhance the effects of certain drugs. This may present an opportunity or need to reduce the dose of certain medications that are administered to a patient who is also being given CBD.
  • As NSAIDs, Tramadol, Gabapentin, and anti-anxiety drugs rely on P450 enzymes for metabolizing, approach the addition of CBD carefully.
  • When given with trazadone, CBD was found to inhibit the ability of trazodone to lower blood cortisol in a recent study by Morris et al (The Impact of Feeding Cannabidiol [CBD] Containing Treats on Canine Response to a Noise-Induced Fear Response Test, Front. Vet. Sci., 22 September 2020). This highlights the potential drug interactions associated with CBD and may support previous work that shows CBD to be a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes.

Continued research is essential to furthering our understanding of how CBD affects the canine body. As with any medication, consult your veterinarian before treating your dog with CBD.

Featured photo: aydinmutlu/Getty Images

Read Next: Know Your CBDs

Haunted by a Mystery Hero Dog

By
Nancy Kerns
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37

Have you ever read a short little news piece – a bit of journalistic fluff – that you nevertheless couldn’t stop thinking about? Maybe there’s something that just doesn’t make sense, or there’s a loose end in the story – for some reason, it’s just keeping you up at night. Most of the ones that haunt me, as you might imagine, have a dog in them somewhere.

I’ve got one such story in my head. Let’s see if it bothers you as much as it does me.

This piece, headlined “Missing Boy Found Wandering St. Louis Streets With Protective Stray Pit Bull by His Side,” was being circulated on Facebook, and many of my friends were sharing it. The People magazine story was generated by a story aired on the 6:00 pm television news on October 1 by a Fox affiliate in St. Louis.

According to the Fox news piece, a two-year-old boy was spotted wandering on a St. Louis sidewalk by a woman who was walking her dogs early in the morning of October 1. The boy was wearing pajamas, but no shoes, and he was unaccompanied – at least, unaccompanied by any humans. He was toddling around in the company of a large pit bull-type dog.

The woman, who wished to be anonymous, was interviewed on camera (with her face obscured) by the Fox news crew. She said she knocked on doors all up and down the street, keeping the toddler and his pit bull friend in view, hoping to find someone who recognized or was missing the child. She also posted an alert to a neighborhood social media web site – and somehow, it was there that the father of the child recognized his son, and ran to meet the anonymous Samaritan and recover his son.

It’s unclear from the story whether the father knew his son was missing from the home before he saw the post. This is but one of the missing details of this story that are bothering me.

In the news clip, police officers are seen holding the toddler and speaking to the boy’s father, but the news piece doesn’t mention whether the anonymous woman, the boy’s father, or someone else had called the police, or what other role the police may have played in the story. That’s also a mystery.

But the biggest mystery of all is the dog. Despite the dog’s major presence in all the headlines of all the iterations of the article, which was picked up by dozens and dozens of news sources across the globe, the fact that the dog who stayed by the toddler’s side, reportedly for hours, was a stray dog – not the family’s own protective dog, but a dog who was unknown to the family – got very little attention. Hero of the story, presumably kept the boy safe – a stray dog. Wow!

And then this, a couple of suspicious little throwaway lines at the end of the piece. One of the news anchors who introduced the taped segment says at the very end of the segment, over film of a policeman putting the pit bull, now on a leash, into a police car, “By the way, the little guy there, Taylor, says he really liked the pit bull who was like a guard for him; he kept saying, ‘Puppy!’ while he was being reunited. We’re told St. Louis city police might be adopting that guy.” Awww! A double happy ending?

Well, after a day of that little news piece just driving me nuts, I wanted to know: Who was that hero dog? And is some St. Louis policeman really going to adopt him?

So I reached out to the St Louis Metropolitan Police Department; they actually have a Facebook page that is monitored by media relations people. I sent them a link to the People magazine story and asked, “Do you have more information about this story, or the dog, that I could share with my readership?” The answer came in just a couple of hours. “The dog ran from the officers and animal regulation was notified.”

So, despite the filmed footage of the leashed dog cooperatively hopping into the back of a police cruiser . . . we’re to believe he “ran from the officers.” I’ll never stop wondering about that dog.

The Stubborn Dog

By
Pat Miller, CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA
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29
Photo: Christine McCann/Getty Images

I cringe whenever I hear someone refer to a dog as “stubborn.” It is patently unfair to label a dog as stubborn. Dogs do what works for them (as we all do), and when they aren’t doing what we ask, they have a good reason. When your dog doesn’t respond to your cue, perhaps he’s come to associate it with something aversive, perhaps he doesn’t understand what you’re asking, or perhaps he’s too distracted or stressed and your request doesn’t even register in his brain. In any case, it’s our job, as the supposedly more intelligent species, to figure out how to get our dogs to want to do what we want them to do.

Some humans believe dogs should do what they are told, simply because we tell them to. “Because I said so!” hearkens back to childhood, when parental directives were often accompanied by the implied “Do it, or else!” In these days of a more enlightened dog training philosophy, this coercive approach isn’t what many of us want with our dogs. We prefer relationships based on a cooperative partnership.

If your dog isn’t doing what you ask, consider these questions:

Are you training competently? Remember, dogs shouldn’t have to do what we say just because we tell them to – or just because they love us. We want them to want to do it. Make sure your reinforcers are valuable enough that your dog will eagerly offer the behaviors you ask for, and that you are marking and/or delivering the reinforcer with good timing so your dog associates the reinforcer with the desired behavior.

Is there something aversive about the behavior? Years ago, my first Pomeranian, Dusty, started refusing jumps when we were training for the Open Division of obedience competition. I didn’t punish him for not jumping – I took him to my veterinarian and discovered he had bad hips. It hurt him to jump. A behavior can also be emotionally aversive. If a car ride always means a trip to the vet, your dog could become very reluctant to jump into the car. Your challenge is to make car rides consistently predict “good stuff” – a hike in the woods, a trip his favorite canine pal for a play session, or? If he’s refusing to enter his crate because he has mild separation distress and associates crating with you leaving, alleviate the separation distress through behavior modification (and possibly appropriate medications), and then convince him that crating is wonderful.

Does he not understand? You may have taught him to respond to a cue for the desired behavior, but perhaps you’ve used body language prompts in the past without realizing it, and now, absent the prompt, he doesn’t understand what you’re asking of him. Fade all prompts if you want him to respond reliably to verbal cues. Perhaps you’ve always trained in the kitchen in front of the refrigerator, and so he thinks “Sit” means “Sit in the kitchen.” When you ask him to sit in the living room, he doesn’t sit because it’s not the kitchen. He’s not being stubborn – he needs you to help him generalize his behavior so he understands that “Sit” means to put his tail on the ground wherever you ask him to do it. Even your tone of voice can matter. If you usually give cues with a happy voice but your own emotional state causes your voice to sound different, he may not understand.

Is he distracted? If you haven’t generalized your dog’s behavior to distracting environments, his attention will naturally be drawn to the multitude of exciting things happening around him. He’s not ignoring you; he probably isn’t even hearing you because he’s so focused on the fascinating world around him. Help him hear and respond to your behavior requests by training in various environments with gradually increasing distractions.

Is he stressed? “Stressed” is an even bigger challenge than “distracted.” When stress happens, the thinking part of the brain (the cortex) shuts down and the emotional part of the brain (the amygdala) takes over. We even have phrases in the English language to describe this phenomenon: “I was so scared I couldn’t think straight.” “I was out of my mind with worry.” When your dog is so stressed he can’t think straight, it’s unfair to blame him for not doing what you ask. Relieve his stress (remove him from the stressor, and/or do behavior modification to change his association with the stressor) and try again.

Your relationship with your dog will be so much happier when you stop characterizing him as stubborn and realize how you can help him be more responsive to your behavior requests. Now get busy helping him want to do what you want him to do.

Featured photo: Christine McCann/Getty Images

Read Next: The Right Way to Feed Treats to Your Dog

My Latest Foster Dog Is Something of a Mystery

By
Nancy Kerns
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35
A dog's breed and background can be a mystery that can only be riddled out by a DNA test.
She's pretty, and sweet. I've ordered a DNA test for her.

There’s an old Chinese parable that goes something like this:

A farmer gets a horse, which soon runs away. A neighbor says, “Oh, so sorry for the bad news.” The farmer replies, “Good news, bad news, who can say?”

The horse comes back and brings another horse with him. Good news, perhaps.

The farmer gives the second horse to his son, who rides it, then is thrown and badly breaks his leg. Ack! Bad news! “Well,” says the farmer. “Who can say?”

A few days later, the emperor’s men come and take every able-bodied young man to fight in a war. The farmer’s son is spared. So, good news!

The message of the story: “Good news, bad news, who can say?” We can never know ahead of time how things that may appear to be good or bad will turn out.

I’m thinking about this at the moment, because I am fostering a puppy with a “Good news, bad news, who can say?” sort of back story.

(Yes, I said I am going to stop fostering, for my old dog Otto’s sake. Soon. And I mean it. But not yet.)

How I came across my latest foster pup

As I’ve written about before, I’ve been volunteering at the emergency shelter being provided to evacuees of the North Complex Fire, one of many that erupted in California following a dry lightning storm on August 17. My local animal rescue group, the North Valley Animal Disaster Group, opened the shelter on September 8, when a windstorm pushed the North Complex fire 30 miles overnight and right into our backyard (10 miles from my literal backyard). And an army of volunteers have been caring for hundreds of dogs, cats, birds, rabbits, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, llamas, donkeys, chickens, ducks, you name it ever since.

I was evacuated for a few days, myself. When my husband and I (and our dogs, of course) were allowed to go home, the first thing I did was report for duty at the shelter to walk and feed dogs.

The emergency shelter is a temporary facility; dogs are kept in crates, so they HAVE to be walked multiple times a day. Not an easy task, when they are in close quarters, the air is full of smoke, there are dozens of strangers walking among them, their crates are packed close together next to those of other stressed dogs … It’s a very tough situation.

On my first day of volunteering, I was assigned to work in two rooms at the shelter – which is located in a series of rooms in the bowels of a former county hospital. (One of the rooms used to be the county morgue! The building stopped being a hospital sometime in the early 1970s.) One of the rooms I was overseeing was the “isolation” room, where puppies who were likely to be as-yet unvaccinated were being kept. Among them were three pups who appeared to be siblings, about 5 months old. (Hey! Good news! Their owner evacuated the fire zone and brought them to an appropriate place for care!)

All three of these puppies were terrified of people and of being held in the crates. One, who appeared to be the runt of the litter, would shyly wag his tail at people, but the other two didn’t want to make eye contact and avoided touch. And one, the only female, appeared to have something very wrong with her back end; she was limping or crippled or something. (Yikes, bad news, right?) Hard to tell in the crate. They were going to be especially challenging to care for.

A day later, I learned that the female pup had been placed under a 10-day quarantine. She had bitten one of the volunteers who was trying to get her out of her crate for a walk. Terrible news, right?

A mystery condition: what’s wrong with her back legs?

The county animal control officer overseeing the shelter contacted her owner, informing him of both the bite and quarantine, and also informing him that the pup needed to be transported to a veterinarian for medical care; what was going on with her rear legs? Citing the difficulties of his situation (I believe his home was burned in the fire), the owner relinquished her to the county. (Bad news? No, actually, good news! The county can pay for her to be seen by a veterinarian!)

“Coco,” as she is now known to be named, was transported to a local veterinarian. She was so incredibly scared, the examination was rather perfunctory. A soft-tissue injury was suspected, pain meds were prescribed to see if they help, and she was sent to the local permanent shelter to serve out the rest of her quarantine. Hard time! Bad news?

Well, no: Upon intake to the permanent shelter, she was vaccinated, like all “stray” dogs and dogs who are relinquished to the city or county by their owners. A week later, at the emergency shelter, it was reported that seven owned dogs who were being cared for at the emergency shelter had developed parvovirus. Oh my gosh, this is terrible news for those dogs – and I didn’t yet know whether it was Coco’s brothers who were infected, or some other dogs, because I hadn’t been to the shelter in the past week (busy getting the November issue of WDJ to the printer) – but being sent to the permanent shelter was great news for Coco, who got to miss being exposed to parvo, and who received the benefit of what may have even been her first vaccination.

I was keeping track of Coco’s incarceration, because I made it known that I would be happy to foster her when she was released from her quarantine; I knew she needed further medical care, to see what was going on with her back end, and was afraid she’d get lost in the shuffle. It just seemed to me that she had gotten a really poor hand of cards so far in life. Following her last day in quarantine, I started pushing the animal control officer in charge of her case for information about her vet care, and asked if I could foster her. Happily, the officer agreed that we couldn’t know for sure what was ailing the puppy unless she had x-rays taken, so he made an appointment to go back to the vet and I volunteered to transport her.

Coco on her way home from the shelter and the vet’s office.

After 10 days in a kennel at the shelter, she was both more habituated to loud, barky surroundings and seeing people. She still looked tense and scared, but the shelter vet tech was able to pick her up and carry her to my car without having to put a muzzle on her. At the vet’s office, of course, they did put a muzzle on her, so they could safely sedate her for x-rays.

The radiographs came back without offering a single clue as to the source of her problem: Spine fine, hips fine, pelvis fine, knees fine. Good news?

At this point, it must be said, nobody had been able to see Coco move about freely, to really study exactly what was wrong with her. As she moved around in a crate or kennel, always trying to avoid contact with humans, all you could tell was that she couldn’t really stand up or walk properly.

Woody to the rescue once again

So, I brought her home! In the car, I put a soft, padded harness on her – carefully, gently –and attached a long line to it. I own two fenced acres and two dogs who are experienced with foster puppies and strange dogs.

It took about an hour for my five-year-old “fun uncle” dog, Woody, to convince her that no one was going to try to murder her at our house. It took only another hour and many Stella and Chewy’s freeze dried chicken Meal Mixers (my dog training secret weapon) to convince her that I was safe, she didn’t want to go anywhere (I could take off the harness), and that Woody was her absolute crush. I mean, honestly. It’s a little embarrassing.

“I might survive if I can be near you, Woody!”

Over this past week, while I’ve been tied to my home office and computer, Coco has gone from terrified to terrific – at least as far as being comfortable with humans is concerned. (She likely was fine with her original human family, but the abrupt move under emergency conditions into a crate in a crowded facility just blew her little mind.)

And all this week, I’ve been taking pictures and video of Coco on the move. Good news, bad news, who knows? It’s a mystery.

She certainly can move; she can run and jump and go up and down stairs – but her rear end doesn’t move right – I mean, properly. She hops like a bunny behind; both hind legs move as one: hop, hop, hop. She does not – can not? – move her back legs independently of each other. If you hold a treat in front of her nose and try to get her to move forward just one leg at a time, she will step, step with her front feet, and streeeeettttchhh with her back feet, and then hop with both. If you hold one of those back legs (gently) to see if she will step with the other one, she just falls down.

I really, really wanted to see what Coco would do in water. Would the non-weight-bearing environment make her comfortable enough to move her legs in a normal movement pattern? Would her brain be “reset” by the need to swim into paddling her back legs independently? A friend and I took her to a local reservoir that has a shallow, soft bottom. I carried her out to a depth where her feet could just barely brush the ground, supporting her with one hand under her chest and feeling with the other hand under water to see what her hind legs would do.

They paddled independently.

This made me so happy. There is hope! She is happy, she is able, she is not in pain … She is not right, but there is hope for her.

They sleep like this daily.

I got an unofficial consult from a friend who is also a NVADG volunteer (except she’s a BEAST on the animal evacuation team, who goes into the fire zone rescuing animals) and an equine massage therapist when our county is not on fire. Tamara came to my house and met Coco, watching her hop and run and play with Woody. She also massaged and stretched the little dog, and she agrees: Coco’s condition is weird, but there’s hope. We both think Coco needs more swimming time, and time on an underwater treadmill. Acupuncture? Massage? Stretching? Physical therapy? We think she needs all of it.

So, sorry, Otto, we’ve got one more project puppy we need to help. Though, frankly, if I can find an underwater treadmill and a PT specialist to help me with Coco, I will sign up Otto for therapy, too! At 13 years old, he would benefit from this sort of care just as much as I think Coco will.

Wish us luck! And I’ll keep you posted.

Keeping Your Dogs At a Healthy Weight Can Be Tricky

By
Nancy Kerns
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28
Now 13 years old, Otto’s body looks thicker than it did when he was younger, but he’s lost muscle mass, especially in his hind legs and shoulders. His fuzzy coat makes him look stocky, but his ribs and spine are actually more prominent than in years past.

Over the past two years, my senior dog, Otto, has started having trouble maintaining his body mass at a healthy weight. He has had a few health issues that his veterinarians and I are monitoring, but one symptom of his issues has caused him to suffer from a bit of gastric reflux. We have been able to keep his stomach acid in check with a daily medication, but there was a period of months when he just didn’t feel like eating. During that time, I had to tempt his appetite with all sorts of foods, split into many small meals a day, to get him to eat at all. At his lowest, his weight, normally about 70 pounds, dipped all the way down to 63 pounds.  He felt ribby and definitely lost muscle mass.

Eventually, the tide turned and Otto started eating again, although it was a challenge to get him back up to his “college” weight of 70 pounds. I can’t give him huge meals – he won’t eat a ton in one sitting – so I often give him three meals a day. He also gets canned food mixed into his dry food at each meal, and eats more than a can a day.  I also mix some warm water into his food and stir the canned food in, so he doesn’t pick out the canned food and leave any kibble behind.

One unfortunate side effect of the campaign to get Otto to gain and hold his weight: My younger dog Woody has gained too much weight! Because when he sees the canned food come out, he (quite understandably) wants some, too. I don’t have to, of course, but I stir about a teaspoonful of the canned food into Woody’s kibble, and add warm water to it, so he feels like he’s getting special treatment, too. So, of course, I’ve had to cut back the amount of kibble he gets, just a little bit, to make up for the addition of the fattier canned food.


At age 5, Woody is in the prime of his life. He is carrying a few more pounds than I would like, even though it is hard to see given his deep chest and narrow waist. But his ribs are more padded than what is ideal. He is such an active dog that carrying extra weight stresses his joints more than is good for him.

It’s nuts: Both dogs used to weigh the same amount. To get and keep Otto at 70 pounds,  I’ve added nearly an entire can of food to what he gets each day, and have had to reduce Woody’s portion of dry food to make up for the addition of only a teaspoon of canned food, and yet Woody is up to about 73 or 74 pounds.


It’s hard to get two dogs to stand with their backs to you while you hover over them, but I did my best. As you can see, both dogs look okay – but Otto’s waist is a bit more pronounced, and Woody’s is less defined than ever before.

I know it’s silly to feel as though Woody would judge me for failing to add anything “nice” to his kibble at each meal, and yet, I absolutely see him watching me carefully when I prepare both dogs’ meals. I actually fork the wet food from the cans into the dogs’ bowls with my back blocking his view, so he can’t see how much of the delicious pâté goes  into each bowl, and I deliver the food to them separately. Otto eats outside, with his bowl on a stair that’s one step higher than the deck; Woody eats in the house.

Another wrinkle: Since Coronavirus has changed the world, we definitely have been going out less. The lack of walks has likely contributed both to Otto’s loss of muscle mass and Woody’s weight gain.

Also, I give Otto a pill each day hidden in a piece of cheese. Woody, too, lines up and sits politely, looking for his cheese.  Those extra calories, too, aren’t helping me maintain his figure!

Have you had this problem before? Trying to keep one dog thin and helping another dog gain weight? Do you have any tips for us?

Whole Dog Journal’s 2020 Approved Wet Dog Foods

By
Nancy Kerns
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12
There are so many food choices available to dog owners today; it's easy to get overwhelmed. But whatever you do, don't just feed the same thing month in and month out; rotating foods from different manufacturers helps provide your dog with nutritional balance over time. It also reduces the potential danger of any pet food company's formulation error or production problem.

Were you aware that dogs don’t have a biological requirement for carbohydrates? The fact that this bit of trivia sounds so crazy is a testament to how thoroughly we all take carbohydrate-laden kibble for granted. But it’s true: Dogs require protein and fat, but they can live and thrive quite well without any carbs at all. 

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Download The Full October 2020 Issue PDF

By
Nancy Kerns
-
18
  • Rotary Club
  • Learning to Love It
  • Family Planning
  • Are Two Pups Better Than One?
  • A Can/Do Attitude
  • 2020 Approved Canned Foods
To continue reading this article or issue you must be a paid subscriber. Sign in
If you are logged in but cannot access this content, a) your subscription may have expired; b) you may have duplicate accounts (emails) in our system. Please check your account status here or contact customer service.

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Subscribe to Whole Dog Journal

With your Whole Dog Journal order you’ll get:

  • Immediate access to this article and 20+ years of archives.
  • Recommendations for the best dog food for your dog.
  • Dry food, homemade diets and recipes, dehydrated and raw options, canned food and more.
  • Brands, formulations and ingredients all searchable in an easy-to-use, searchable database.

Plus, you’ll receive training and care guidance to keep your dog healthy and happy. You’ll feed with less stress…train with greater success…and know you are giving your dog the care he deserves.

Subscribe now and save 72%! Its like getting 8 issues free!

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Are Two Pups Better Than One?

By
Kathy Callahan, CPDT-KA, FDM
-
7
Adopting siblings can work, but it takes a truly special owner who has double the time and energy to give to puppyhood. These sisters, Icebox and Spaz, have committed owners who knew how much extra time it would take to make a littermate adoption succeed.

I hear it all the time: “Honey, maybe we should get two! Look how much they love each other! How can we possibly split them up?” 

My family and I frequently foster litters of rescue puppies, and when approved adopters come over to make that big decision – which one will it be? – the conversation often takes this detour. Watching two darling pups snuggling or romping together, somebody says, “Why don’t we just take two?”

It’s a natural impulse. In fact, keeping littermates together was very much my own hope when we fostered our first litter almost a decade ago. Back then, when a potential adopter epressed an interest in getting two pups, my heart raced. Think of it: Little Ben and Pretty Girl, together forever! I loved this idea! The advantages quickly added up in my mind:

* The transition would be so easy! No sad pup crying through those initial nights without the warmth and company of littermates.

* The pups would be so happy to have a friend to play with every day. 

* There would be guaranteed exuberant exercise, which would decrease household destruction and mouthiness.

* The owners would be less stressed by the demands of puppyhood because, rather than having a bored puppy constantly seeking their attention, they’d have two pups pretty darned content with each other. After all, I vastly preferred fostering two pups to one, because it was way less work for me. 

Filled with excitement, I let the shelter know that one of our potential adopters wanted two puppies. Their response? “We don’t actually adopt out littermates together.” I was stunned. What kind of anti-puppy-happiness policy was this?

A PREPONDERANCE OF CONS

It turns out I had a lot to learn. While every one of the bullet points above is true, there are even more bullet-point reasons why most dog trainers and animal shelter professionals recommend against adopting littermates, including: 

* Puppies need to learn to be alone. One of the key things I try to teach my foster pups is that they’re okay without their littermates. If I were to let them hang out in the same room with their mom and siblings every single minute for eight weeks, then adoption day would be terrifying for them. In the beginning that means simply holding one pup outside of the puppy pen for a moment, and immediately returning. Then I might take just two pups into the kitchen to play while I do the dishes. Finally, I’ll take just one pup upstairs with me to hang out with a chew toy while I work on the computer. 

Adopting siblings can delay this vital bit of the puppies’ education indefinitely. Now there are two pups who may have never taken one breath when they weren’t next to another pup. The longer that goes on, the more deeply attached they become. Some owners realize they have a giant problem only months later when they casually separate the pups – perhaps for a vet appointment – and find both dogs in an absolute panic, destroying walls and escaping from crates.

Littermates Twilight and her brother TikTok joined a family that includes anther dog and three cats, so the duo is rarely alone together, and each gets critical one-on-one time with their human.

Of course, you can combat this issue just the way I do with a litter at my house: by making time to take each pup alone somewhere, every day. They need to have regular, varied experiences where they are separated from their siblings: in the house, on a walk, in the car, on a playdate. If you have the time and perhaps the household structure to allow that, this may not be a problem. However, experienced trainers and shelter staff will tell you that  most owners find they barely have time for one pup, much less two – even though they thought they were prepared.

* Having an always-present playmate isn’t enough to properly socialize a puppy. Daily play with a live-in packmate helps tire out both puppies, which is great – but the giant downside is that, without the urgent impetus to find another puppy or dog to help tire out a singleton pup, owners tend to get complacent. 

A lone puppy’s chewing, biting, and jumping will push a good owner to seek out other dogs to exhaust the little guy, which enlarges the pup’s world beautifully. There is far greater value in playing with all kinds of dogs – big and small, runners and wrestlers, floppy-eared and pointy-eared. They each play differently, and by interacting with a number of play partners, a pup learns a more nuanced, expanded language of doggy communication. That, in turn, makes the puppy comfortable with future dog encounters – on leash walks, at your sister’s house for Thanksgiving, at the beach with your friend’s dogs. 

In contrast, the littermates who play only with each other may well end up being dogs who can play only with each other! Unaccustomed to play styles they are unfamiliar with, less-socialized dogs may take offense at playful overtures from dogs who are new to them, and erupt in defensive aggression out of fear.

Again, an owner who is well aware of this issue can completely mitigate the effects by arranging for plenty of play time with other puppies and dogs as the puppy matures. 

* When people own two puppies, they tend to take the pups on fewer walks and adventures. When I first started fostering, I was always drawn to the adopter whose application mentioned their big fenced yard. Sure, the city apartment dwellers said all the right things, but then I’d think about this little pup who’d have to go down an elevator and then pass strangers and hear loud trucks every time he just had to pee! “Poor pup,” I thought. 

I’d like to slap my old self. I’ve learned over the years that those city dogs become fabulously socialized! Because exposure to all of those things is an automatic part of their life, they inevitably become incredibly relaxed about it all. It’s wonderful. 

What does that have to do with littermate adoptions? Well, often littermates don’t get out into the world if they live in the same house. They are nicely tired from all of their playing, so they don’t nudge their owners into walks. And even if they do, sometimes the owner remembers that last walk where two dogs were awfully hard to manage and opts out. 

Again, the dedicated owner will get around this by remembering how critical it is to get a young pup out and about in the world and will make the time (and enlist the helpers) to make adventures into the wider world a regular part of the routine for both puppies – preferably, one at a time, for most of those walks. 

* It’s more than twice as hard to train two puppies than it is to train one. I love to teach young pups to sit, stay, spin, touch, and shake. In fact, I really can’t help myself – whenever I have just one pup here. But if I have more than one pup? The best I can do is “sit.” I’m a dog trainer, for goodness sake, and I can’t teach two dogs a new thing at the same time. 

Teaching well requires giving split-second feedback to the dog. When you have two dogs doing different things, the feedback loop becomes meaningless. “YES!” you say as Pretty Girl sits nicely. But Little Ben heard that too, while he was jumping up on you. Hmm. What exactly did he just learn? 

To train two pups, you need to separate them. And perhaps the trainee needs to be out of earshot so that the distressed barking of the left-out pup does not distract our student of the moment. Do you have a set-up where you can easily take one pup away and work with her a few times a day – and then turn around and do that with the other pup? Can you sustain that for a year? Maybe you can! 

But most can’t, and, sadly, what often happens is that an owner calls a trainer in tears, reporting two completely unruly 9-month-old dogs who “can’t” be walked. The pups are bonded strongly to each other, but not with the owner. It’s a heartbreak that often results in one, if not both, being rehomed. 

THE IDEAL SCENARIO

Lots of individual training plus the owner’s robust support system has made the adoption of brothers Bristol and Bedford work beautifully. They are each other’s best friend and comfort – but they also settle down just fine when separated.

Trainers and shelter staff will almost always advise against a littermate adoption; instead, they frequently give the very sound advice to simply wait a year, so that your well-trained adult dog can set a fantastic example for a new pup. 

That said, taking in two siblings might be the right decision for you. The key is to be fully informed about the tricky issues and committed to a plan. When that happens, it can work out beautifully. 

As I was preparing to write this article, I reached out to a handful of people who adopted littermates from my rescue group. Every one of them wrote back using exclamation points about how much they love their doggies and how the double adoption was the perfect approach for them. My follow-up questions revealed that these folks truly walked the walk. They’ve poured a lot of time and resources into these pups, carefully shaping their experience so that each dog is well trained and confident on their own – and also darling together. Clearly, it can be done.

Even so, any time I hear an adopter say, “Hey honey, how about two?” I’ll still suggest my very favorite option: “Do you have a neighbor who needs a puppy?” That’s the best of all worlds: each of the pups will have a buddy close enough so they can get happily tired from everyday playdates, the owners can get little breaks while their pup is visiting next door, and each puppy will get plenty of individual attention back at home. 

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