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How to Brush the Teeth of an Uncooperative Dog

How to brush a dogs teeth when they refuse? Try raw bones that will help them clean their teeth.
If your dog refuses to let you brush his teeth, consider raw, uncooked, marrow or knuckle bones. Credit: Elena Popova | Getty Images

If your dog refuses to let you brush his teeth, you need to become creative. It is, after all, the gold standard of canine dental care and the best method of avoiding a $1,000+ professional veterinary teeth cleaning or, worse, dental extractions.

 

 

Toothbrushing Steps for an Unwilling Dog

Training methods that teach your dog to let you brush his teeth abound, but they all involve patience. You know that by now, I’m sure, or you wouldn’t be looking for an alternative!

Just to be sure, at this point, you probably tried a soft brush that fits comfortably in the dog’s mouth and maybe a finger brush, which some dogs find less scary. If you haven’t, that’s step one.

And, of course, you’ve exhausted the flavor options of enzymatic dog toothpastes (never use human toothpaste, which must be spit out), starting with just rubbing some on his gums so he decides maybe it tastes pretty good and eventually allows you to “serve” it on a toothbrush.

You probably also contacted your veterinary clinic to see if there’s a vet tech or a groomer who can train you to brush your dog’s teeth.

If Brushing Your Dog’s Teeth Is Impossible

If you truly tried all those mentioned above (no cheating—did you really?), there are other ways to help fight dental disease in your dog. No, they’re not as good as toothbrushing, but they are way better than doing nothing.

Go to the Veterinary Oral Health Council site. While the VOHC does not conduct research itself, it looks at submitted data to see if various dental products meet their standard for acceptance for fighting plaque or calculus or both in pets. They publish a list of dental products for dogs and cats that have passed their standards. The dog list is truly extensive.

The list includes a variety of options to promote good dental health in your dog. You can start with an easy option: a dental dog food diet. There are 12 diet options listed on the site. Some brands work on just tartar, others work on both plaque and tartar. Some are prescription diets, which tend to be more expensive and require a prescription from your veterinarian, but some are diets directly available to consumers.

Your dog turns his nose up at the new food, even after you worked to gradually change his diet. Don’t despair! There are still ways to improve his dental hygiene.

Dental Chews for Dogs Who Won’t Let You Clean Teeth

The VOHC lists 29 dental chews. One is specially prepared rawhide and the others are edible “treat chews.” Some of the chews have multiple health orientations, like joints and teeth. Research shows that dental chews do make a difference.

My dogs are good about toothbrushing (poultry flavor toothpaste preferred), but on days when I am in a hurry or I see some tartar starting, I often add dental chews. My dogs like the Pro Den Plaque Off Dental Bites, which are like quick treats.

For more chew time, they have also gotten Greenies to chew under observation. I admit I personally like the blueberry ones due to the scent, but I don’t think my dogs care.

Sprays, Gels, and Powders Dog Dental Care

If your dog buries his expensive dental chews out in the yard, oral sprays, gels, powders that you add to food or additives for his water can all help your dog to keep healthy gums and teeth. Remember, the VOHC requests research that shows these products are effective to carry a VOHC seal on the package.

Not on the VOHC charts but sworn by for many owners are raw, uncooked, fresh bones. These can be marrow or knuckle bones. It is important to supervise dogs working on fresh bones. You don’t want to have a marrow bone caught on the lower jaw or teeth getting slab fractures from chewing on an old, dry bone.

Dogs prone to digestive upsets and/or pancreatitis, need to have most of the marrow removed. Ideally don’t leave bones around for more than a day or two so they don’t dry out and harden.

With all these options, something should work for your dog. It may take a bit of trial and error, but everything you do can help your dog maintain adequate dental health and avoid an expensive professional cleaning.

Why High-Fiber Dog Food Is a Game Changer

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High-fiber dog foods often contain pumpkin, a fiber recommended by many veterinarians.
High-fiber dog-food ingredients like pumpkin have solid health benefits for your dog. Credit: Ann Zisk | Getty Images

High-fiber dog foods play an important role in maintaining digestive health, managing weight, and regulating blood sugar levels in dogs. Fiber provides bulk to the diet and supports gut health by aiding in bowel regularity and promoting growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. While fiber may not be considered an essential nutrient in the same way that protein and fat are, its presence in a dog’s diet can make a significant difference in overall health and well-being.

Among the best choices for a high fiber dog food is Nutro, which makes over-the-counter high-fiber options with natural ingredients and no artificial additives. Wellness CORE and Natural Balance also offer fiber-rich dry and canned food options that include ingredients like pumpkin, peas, and oats to support digestion.

Types of Fiber in Dog Food

There are two main types of fiber, soluble and insoluble, and both serve different functions in the digestive system. Many high fiber dog foods contain a mix of both types of fiber to offer the most comprehensive digestive support.

  • Soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gel-like substance, which can slow digestion and help control blood glucose levels. Soluble fiber can be found in psyllium husk, flaxseeds, and chia seeds.
  • Insoluble fiber adds bulk to the still and supports regular bowel movements by moving waste through the digestive tract. Insoluble fiber is present in many fruits and vegetables and bran products.

Should I Feed High Fiber Dog Food?

Dogs that suffer from issues such as constipation, diarrhea, anal gland problems, or obesity can often benefit from diets higher in fiber. Fiber can also help diabetic dogs by regulating glucose absorption and helps support immune function by maintaining a healthy population of beneficial microbes in the gut.

Natural High Fiber Foods for Dogs

Natural sources of fiber can be found in a variety of foods that may be added to their regular diet under veterinary guidance.

Pumpkin is perhaps the most widely recommended natural source of fiber for dogs. Canned pure pumpkin (not spiced/sweetened pumpkin pie filling) or dehydrated pumpkin powder are often used to alleviate both constipation and diarrhea due to its soluble fiber content and gentle impact on the stomach.

Sweet potatoes are an excellent source of fiber and provide beneficial vitamins and antioxidants.

Green beans, carrots, apples, and leafy greens like spinach or kale are rich in fiber and safe in moderation.

Brown rice and oats also contribute fiber to the diet while also providing energy in the form of complex carbohydrates.

Can I Feed My Dog Psyllium?

Some pet owners choose to supplement their dog’s diet with fiber additives such as psyllium husk or beet pulp. Psyllium, the active ingredient in many fiber supplements for humans, can be effective in small amounts for dogs experiencing irregular bowel movements. Beet pulp offers a blend of both soluble and insoluble fibers and supports stool quality while also providing some prebiotic fibers to feed beneficial gut bacteria.

Add Fiber Slowly

When introducing high fiber foods or supplements, it is important to do so gradually, as a sudden increase in fiber can lead to bloating, gas, constipation, or diarrhea as your dog’s system adjusts. Transitioning slowly over the course of a week or more allows the gut microbiome to adapt and reduces the risk of discomfort. Adequate water intake is also essential when increasing dietary fiber, as fiber absorbs water and can lead to constipation if a dog is not well-hydrated.

Incorporating fiber into your dog’s diet can offer a range of health benefits, from improved digestion to better weight management. As with any dietary change, it is important to consult with your veterinarian to determine the right amount and type of fiber to suit your individual dog’s needs.

Oatmeal Baths for Dogs

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An oatmeal batch for dogs can be used to treat a variety of dog skin problems.
Oatmeal baths can be useful for soothing a number of skin conditions in dogs and puppies. Credit: Ivan Tucha | Getty Images

Oatmeal has been used for thousands of years to treat human skin irritations. Likewise, it can be useful for soothing skin issues in dogs.

Oatmeal’s anti-inflammatory compounds reduce redness, itching, and swelling, plus oatmeal forms a protective barrier that preserves moisture and balances the skin’s pH.

The chemical composition of colloidal oatmeal includes a high concentration of starches and beta-glucan, which have protective and water-holding properties, its phenols are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and its saponins are natural cleansers.

In 2003, colloidal oatmeal was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a skin protectant, making it one of the few botanical ingredients with that authorization. Today colloidal oatmeal and oat extracts appear in creams, lotions, gels, shampoos, conditioners, burn treatments, and other products for pets and people.

What Is Colloidal Oatmeal?

Colloidal oatmeal is any oatmeal that is so finely ground that it becomes a powder. To make your own, grind or pulse 1 cup of plain, raw, unflavored instant, quick-cooking, steel-cut, or slow-cooking oatmeal or oat groats in a coffee grinder, food processor, or blender. Use the highest setting and process until the oatmeal becomes a very fine powder.

Finely ground oatmeal will rinse away easily, but a simple way to prevent clumping is to strain wet blends through a mesh strainer or stocking, place dry ingredients in a porous fabric bag, tie the oat powder in cheesecloth or gauze fabric, or wrap it in a washcloth or towel that you can soak and squeeze to release the oat water.

Oatmeal baths for dogs can be used to help with conditions such as:

  • itchy skin
  • hives
  • rashes
  • burns
  • sunburn
  • allergies
  • dry skin
  • dandruff
  • dermatitis
  • eczema
  • hot spots
  • inflammation
  • insect bites

How To Give Your Dog a Bath with Oatmeal Shampoo

Dozens of oatmeal shampoos have been developed for dogs and puppies, such as DermAllay Oatmeal Shampoo, EarthBath Oatmeal & Aloe Dog Shampoo, Honest Paws 5-in-1 Oatmeal Dog Wash, and Tropiclean Oatmeal Itch Relief Shampoo for Pets.

For safety, have your dog stand on a non-skid mat or towel. Thoroughly wet your dog’s coat and skin with comfortably cool or tepid water. Cool water has a soothing effect of its own, while warm or hot water can exacerbate skin irritations. So can vigorous rubbing as you massage products into the skin or rub the coat with towels. To speed recovery and healing, keep your movements slow, calm, and gentle.

Apply oatmeal shampoo to your dog’s neck, back, and areas of skin discomfort or itching. Progressively massage oatmeal shampoo into the coat and skin, keeping suds away from your dog’s eyes, nose, and mouth. Massage the inside legs, skin folds, feet, ear flaps, and under the tail. Leave the shampoo in place for 5 to 10 minutes so the oatmeal’s healing compounds reach all the skin and coat. Thoroughly rinse your dog with large amounts of cool or mild-temperature water. Allow your dog to shake herself off, then finish drying her with towels. Comb or brush long-haired dogs, being gentle on and around affected areas. High-temperature blow drying is not recommended because it can increase irritation and discomfort in affected areas.

Oatmeal shampoos can be used alone or followed by an oatmeal conditioner such as Vetoquinol Aloe & Oatmeal Conditioner, DermAllay Oatmeal Spray Conditioner, or Zesty Paws Oatmeal Anti-Itch Dog Conditioner. Follow label directions.

Do-It-Yourself Oatmeal Shampoo for Dogs

The easiest and least expensive way to help your itching pup is to make your own oatmeal shampoo. This formula works well for puppies and adult dogs:

Mix or blend these ingredients well, then apply as described above.

Do-It-Yourself Dog Oatmeal Conditioner

  • 1 cup lukewarm water
  • 2 tablespoons aloe vera gel
  • 1/4 cup finely ground oats or oatmeal

Combine these ingredients in a blender or shake them in a jar until thoroughly combined. Pour the blend into a spray bottle, straining it if necessary, and apply it to your dog, then massage or brush it through the coat. Let the conditioner stand for 5 to 10 minutes before rinsing with plain water. This blend is safe to apply to your dog’s face, nose, and eye area.

Do-It-Yourself Oatmeal Paste to Soothe Dog Skin

Create a paste with ground oatmeal and water for direct application to insect bites, rashes, hot spots, or especially itchy areas. Start with equal parts colloidal oatmeal and water, such as 1/2 cup of each. If you need more, double the recipe. You want a paste that will be easy to apply and that will adhere to your dog’s skin and coat.

Gently massage the paste into affected areas so that the paste reaches all the way to the skin, then cover it with a damp towel or cloth or spray the applied paste with water to maintain moisture, and keep your dog still for 5 to 10 minutes before rinsing it off. This treatment can be applied more than once a day if needed.

How To Make an Oatmeal Soaking Bath for Your Dog

An oatmeal soaking bath is different from an oatmeal shampoo because it doesn’t involve soap. Its key ingredients are finely ground oatmeal and a tub, bucket, or basin of tepid water. Oatmeal baths are recommended for uncomfortable skin problems, everything from flea bites to allergic reactions, itchy skin, and rashes.

The most well-known oatmeal bath is Aveeno’s Soothing Oatmeal Bath Treatment, whose only ingredient is colloidal oatmeal.

To make a colloidal oatmeal bath for your dog:

  • In a blender or food processor, grind 1 cup of plain, uncooked oatmeal until it becomes a fine powder.
  • Stir the ground oatmeal into a tub, bucket, or large basin of comfortably warm or cool water.
  • Place your dog in the bath and sponge the oatmeal water over your dog or place your dog in a T-shirt that you soak with bath water. The goal is to thoroughly cover all your dog’s skin with the soothing oatmeal water. Plain oatmeal bath water is safe to apply to your dog’s face and nose.
  • Leave the oatmeal water in direct contact with your dog’s skin and coat for 10 to 15 minutes.
  • Gently rinse well and pat dry with towels.

How Often Should You Give Your Dog an Oatmeal Bath?

Most experts recommend giving dogs oatmeal baths as needed. For example, a healthy dog whose coat is in good condition might benefit from a monthly oatmeal bath, while a dog with environmental allergies and really itchy skin could have two or three oatmeal baths per week until symptoms subside.

What If Your Dog Has Sensitive Skin?

Oatmeal baths are well tolerated by dogs and puppies, but if your dog has a history of topical allergies, try a patch test first. Create a paste by mixing finely ground oatmeal with a small amount of water and apply a dab to your dog’s bare abdomen, inner thigh, or behind the ear. Gently massage the oatmeal, then leave it in place for up to 24 hours. Check for any redness, swelling, or irritation before and after rinsing the area. If the skin looks undisturbed, your pup should enjoy good results from oatmeal treatments. You can patch-test oatmeal shampoos or conditioners by placing a small amount of diluted product on a small area of bare skin and observing the result. If your pup experiences any redness, swelling, itching, or irritation, rinse the area well and choose a different product.

Unleashing the Truth: The Benefits and Science Behind High-Protein, Low-Carb, and Ketogenic Dog Food

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Low carb dog food may be a good option for active healthy dogs to maintain lean muscle mass.
With a low-carb diet, many dogs show increased stamina, improved coat, and a more stable mood. Credit: Busybee-CR | Getty Images

As the field of canine nutrition continues to evolve, more pet owners are turning their attention to diets that mimic the natural eating habits of dogs’ wild ancestors. In this pursuit, diets that are high in protein and fat, and low in carbohydrates, are gaining significant traction. This nutritional model is often linked to improved weight management, reduced inflammation, better skin and coat health, and in some cases, may even contribute to the management of certain chronic conditions.

High-protein, low carbohydrate diets are designed to support lean muscle maintenance, promote healthy metabolic function, and reduce the likelihood of blood sugar spikes and energy crashes. These diets closely resemble what dogs would eat in the wild—a meal made up primarily of animal protein and fat, with very few carbohydrates. By contrast, most kibble diets contain high inclusions of grains or starchy vegetables such as corn, wheat, rice, peas, and potatoes. While these ingredients help bind the kibble and make it shelf-stable, they contribute a significant carbohydrate load to the diet.

Best Low Carb Dog Food Ingredients

The best low-carbohydrate dog foods, particularly those that are dry and commercially available, are typically marketed as grain-free or high-protein formulas. However, the term “grain-free” can be misleading. Many of these formulations substitute grains with other starchy ingredients such as legumes, sweet potatoes, or tapioca. Although grain-free, these substitutes still contribute to the carbohydrate content and may not deliver the metabolic benefits associated with a true low-carb diet. Identifying low-carb dry dog food requires careful label reading and an understanding of the nutritional breakdown beyond what is printed on the bag.

In low-carb dry dog food, the protein content should be derived from high-quality animal sources that provide the essential amino acids dogs need for muscle repair, immune function, and enzyme production. High protein intake is especially important for active dogs, working breeds, and seniors, who are prone to muscle wasting and require extra support to maintain lean body mass.

What You Need to Know

When transitioning a dog to a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet or a ketogenic regimen, it is important to do so gradually. Sudden changes can lead to digestive upset, and some dogs may require a period of adjustment as their metabolism shifts to accommodate the new fuel source. During this transition, it is helpful to observe changes in energy levels, appetite, stool consistency, and coat condition to ensure the dog is adapting well. Over time, many owners report positive changes, including increased stamina, reduced itching or inflammation, improved coat shine, and more stable behavior and mood.

High Fat Dog Food

Equally important in this dietary approach is the fat content. High-fat dog food plays a crucial role in energy production, particularly when carbohydrate intake is minimized. Fats supply more than twice the energy per gram than proteins or carbohydrates and serve as a dense fuel source for dogs, especially those engaged in high levels of activity. In addition to being a source of energy, dietary fat supports cell structure, hormone production, nutrient absorption, and the maintenance of healthy skin and coat. Brands such as Stella & Chewy’s Super Beef Frozen Raw Dinner Morsels and Instinct Adult Frozen Frozen Raw Bite 85% Alaskan Pollock Recipe are low-carb options available on the market for pet owners looking for a low-carbohydrate food.

High-Protein, High-Fat Dog Food

A high-protein, high-fat dog food closely aligns with a ketogenic “keto” diet model. The ketogenic diet for dogs is an even more specialized nutritional approach that deliberately shifts the dog’s metabolic state from glucose-burning to fat-burning. When carbohydrate intake is sufficiently low and fat intake is high, the dog’s body enters a state known as ketosis. In ketosis, the liver converts fat into molecules called ketones, which serve as an alternative energy source to glucose. This metabolic shift may offer therapeutic benefits for dogs with certain health conditions such as epilepsy, obesity, diabetes, and even some types of cancer, where controlling blood sugar and insulin spikes is a priority.

Unlike traditional dog foods, keto diets for dogs are designed with macronutrient ratios that mirror a true ketogenic profile—typically consisting of about 70% to 80% fat, 20% to  30% protein, and very few carbohydrates, usually less than 10%. These diets can be commercially purchased as raw, freeze-dried, or gently cooked formulations, or even prepared at home under veterinary guidance. A proper ketogenic dog food must be carefully formulated to avoid nutrient deficiencies and ensure adequate intake of essential vitamins, minerals, and amino acids. Unlike humans, for whom ketosis is often used as a method for weight loss or performance enhancement, a keto diet for dogs is primarily adopted for its therapeutic applications.

Ketosis in Dogs

Achieving and maintaining ketosis in dogs requires strict adherence to the macronutrient ratios. This means avoiding starchy treats, table scraps, and other hidden sources of carbohydrates that can knock a dog out of ketosis. Monitoring your dog’s response is also essential, as not every dog is a candidate for a ketogenic diet. Dogs with pancreatitis, fat-malabsorption disorders, or certain liver conditions may not tolerate high-fat intake well and should be evaluated by a veterinarian before any dietary transition.

The rise in popularity of ketogenic and low-carb feeding approaches has led to a new generation of specialized products on the market. Brands offering keto dog food have begun to focus not just on macronutrient content but also on ingredient quality, sourcing proteins and fats from grass-fed meats, wild-caught fish, and organic oils such as coconut or olive oil. These premium diets may also incorporate anti-inflammatory nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants to support immune function and reduce oxidative stress. Brands such as Bones & Co. and Ketona offer keto-friendly, ready-to-feed, complete and balanced diets for pet owners looking for a keto diet for their pets.

Should Your Dog Go Low Carb?

While keto and low-carb diets are not appropriate for every dog, they can offer significant benefits when used appropriately and under veterinary supervision. For pet owners considering this type of feeding, it is recommended to start by consulting with a holistic or integrative veterinarian who can help assess the dog’s individual needs and health status. Bloodwork may be necessary to ensure the diet is safe and to monitor for any changes that might indicate metabolic stress or nutrient imbalances.

In the world of canine nutrition, the one-size-fits-all model is quickly becoming obsolete. Dogs are individuals with unique health profiles, lifestyles, and genetic predispositions. What works for one may not work for another. However, the increasing interest in high protein, low-carb, and ketogenic dog food is indicative of a broader trend toward biologically appropriate feeding and a desire to give pets the best possible chance at a long, vibrant life.

The Best Dog Camping Gear

Going camping with your dog can be a fun time for you both especially with the best dog camping gear.
Finding the right camping gear can make an outdoor adventure easier and safer for humans and canines alike. Credit: Jae Thomas

Dogs and the outdoors go hand-in-hand. Whether you love hiking mountain peaks or just lounging at basecamp, dogs make great outdoor adventuring companions. Beyond a treat pouch and a dog water bottle, the best dog camping gear will make your trip with your furry friend much more enjoyable.

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Brain Booster Homemade Dog Food Topper Recipe

Homemade dog food toppers and other homemade dog food can provide a nutritional AND cognitive boost for your dog.
Formulated to help support brain health and cognitive function in senior dogs, this recipe uses simple ingredients to create a tasty dog food topper. Credit: Mint Images | Getty Images

Feeding fresh food does not have to be all or nothing. Contrary to popular belief, you can add fresh foods into your dog’s dry dog food to provide nutritional benefits and increase palatability. Formulated to provide dogs with brain boosting whole foods, this simple and convenient fresh food topper is the perfect way to dip your toes into the world of fresh food diets without touching any raw ingredients! And you do not have to be a top chef to prepare this nutritious and delicious recipe together because no cooking is required.

Let’s get started!

NOTE: This recipe is intended for supplemental feeding only. It does NOT provide a nutritionally complete diet for dogs.

INGREDIENTS

The goal of this fresh food topper is to provide a supplemental recipe that focuses on brain supportive nutrients to improve cognitive health in senior dogs. However, the topper can be fed to dogs of all life stages. This recipe use a single protein and with human grade ingredients that are accessible in supermarkets:

  • Salmon, canned in water
  • Yogurt, plain, low fat
  • Pumpkin, canned, without added salt or sugar
  • Strawberries, frozen, unsweetened, chopped
  • MCT Oil
  • Lion’s Mane Mushroom Powder
  • Nutritional Yeast
  • Flaxseeds, ground

The ability to feed a home-prepared diet is not practical for many households but this does not exclude the option to include some fresh food in dry dog food diets. Fresh food helps to increase protein and palatability of kibble while decreasing carbohydrates. This is especially useful when ingredients are strategically selected with the goal of targeted nutrition to provide health benefits.

There is no secret that the brain ages with time which has a negative impact on cognitive function. However, there are multiple nutrients that play a role in cognitive health and feeding specific whole foods assist in providing targeted nutrients for brain support. The nutrients that play a vital role in brain function include but are not limited to Essential Fatty Acids (EPA, DHA, ALA), B vitamins, antioxidants, and probiotics.

COGNITIVE SUPPORT

Each ingredient listed in this fresh food topper recipe has been strategically selected to provide nutrients that support brain health.

IngredientNutrient(s) ProvidedBenefit
Salmon, canned in waterProtein, EPA+DHA fatty acids, Vitamin DImproved learning, improved memory, decrease in depression
Yogurt, plain, low fat*Protein, ProbioticsMaintain gut health
Pumpkin, canned, without added salt or sugarFiberImproved gut regularity
Strawberries, frozen, unsweetened, choppedAntioxidants, Vitamin CProtection against free radical damage
NOW Foods MCT OilMedium Chain TriglyceridesReadily reliable energy source for the brain, improve cognitive function, improved memory.
Real Mushrooms Lion's Mane Powder**Beta-glucansModulate gut-brain axis, improve cognitive function
Anthony's Premium Nutritional Yeast FlakesB-VitaminsImproved neurotransmitter synthesis, mood regulation, and cognitive function
Anthony's Organic Flaxseed MealFiber, ALA fatty acids, MagnesiumProtection against free radical damage.

* Home fermented kefir can be substituted for yogurt when available.

**The Real Mushrooms Lion’s Mane Powder is the recommended brand due to their commitment to ensuring a product that provides over 30% beta-glucans without added grains or fillers.

CULINARY CLOSURE

Feeding fresh food does not have to be complicated and can be done without having to prepare raw food or spend time cooking. This supplemental recipe is safe to feed dogs of all ages but has been strategically formulated to provide brain supportive nutrients to assist in cognitive function in seniors. It is a convenient option to increase protein and palatability of dry food without making major diet changes.

Your dog will beg you for more!

BRAIN BOOSTER FRESH FOOD TOPPER BATCH CALCULATIONS

Below are the calculations to create a 5 pound batch of the recipe which is enough to supplement an inactive 60 pound dog for 10 days. For an in-depth review of amounts for different weights and activity levels see below.


Store up to 4 days of prepared food in the refrigerator and store the remaining food in the freezer to prevent food spoilage. Frozen food can be stored indefinitely but it will lose nutrients over time. Therefore we recommend feeding all food withing 6 months of freezing.

Recipe Terms Defined

Meal Prep Recipe Ingredients

Food ingredients to prepare the Brain Booster Fresh Food Topper Recipe.

Batch Prep Nutritional Supplements

Supplements that can be batch prepared into the Brain Booster Fresh Food Topper Recipe

Meal Prep Recipe Ingredients

Ingredient

Raw Weight

Salmon, canned in water

1.87 LB

Yogurt, plain, low fat

1.25 LB

Pumpkin, canned, without added salt or sugar

0.62 LB

Total

5.0 LB

Batch Prep Nutritional Supplements

Nutritional Supplement

Quantity

NOW Sport MCT Oil

2.00 TBSP

Real Mushrooms Lion's Mane Powder

7.75 TBSP

Nutritional Yeast

1.75 TSP

Flax Seeds (fresh ground)

3.25 G

What if I want to prepare more or less food than what is calculated?

The batch calculation table provides calculations for 5 pound increments. Double the amounts of all ingredients and supplements to increase the batch size to 10 pounds. Divide the amounts of all ingredients and supplements by 2 to decrease the batch to 2.5 pounds.

Are the supplements in the recipes necessary and safe?

All supplements in the recipe come from whole food sources versus synthetic supplements. The supplements listed come from human grade brands that operate in an FDA certified facility and are GMP certified. These brands perform third party purity tests and provide the nutritional analyses for their supplements. This criteria is important in ensuring the supplements are of high quality and provide the nutrients required for the recipe.

Preparation Instructions

There are only two steps to prepare this recipe. First, chop the strawberries into bite-sized pieces. Then, mix all the ingredients and nutritional supplements together thoroughly. All done!

Single-Serving Nutritional Informaton

Recipe Ingredient

Amount

Calories

Salmon, canned in water2.94 | OZ83.46 | G108 | KCAL
Yogurt, plain, low fat1.96 | OZ55.64 | G35 | KCAL
Pumpkin, canned, without added salt or sugar1.96 | OZ55.64 | G19 | KCAL
Strawberries, frozen, unsweetened, chopped0.98 | OZ27.82 | G10 | KCAL
Real Mushrooms Lion's Mane Powder0.75 | TSP01.50 | G0 | KCAL
Nutritional Yeast0.17 | TSP00.50 | G1 | KCAL
NOW Sport MCT Oil0.20 | TBSP02.94 | mL26 | KCAL
Flax Seeds (fresh ground)0.01 | OZ02.94 | mL2 | KCAL
Total08.0 OZ227.84 G200 KCAL

Macro Nutrients - As Fed

Macro Nutrients - Dry Matter

80.4%

Moisture184.24 G

0.0%

Moisture0.00 G

8.9%

Protein20.38 G

45.3%

Protein20.38 G

3.5%

Fat8.10 G

18.0%

Fat8.10 G

4.9%

Carb.11.21 G

24.9%

Carb.11.21 G

1.0%

Fiber2.29 G

5.1%

Fiber2.29 G

1.3%

Ash3.04 G

6.7%

Ash3.04 G

FEEDING RECOMMENDATIONS BY BODYWEIGHT AND ACTIVITY

BODY WEIGHTOBESE RISKINACTIVELOW ACTIVITYMODERATE ACTIVITYABOVE AVERAGE ACTIVITYHIGH ACTIVITY
10 LB2.00 OZ2.25 OZ2.5 OZ2.75 OZ3.25 OZ3.50 OZ
20 LB3.25 OZ3.50 OZ4.00 OZ4.75 OZ5.25 OZ6.00 OZ
30 LB4.50 OZ4.75 OZ5.50 OZ6.50 OZ7.25 OZ8.00 OZ
40 LB5.50 OZ6.00 OZ7.00 OZ8.00 OZ9.00 OZ10.00 OZ
50 LB6.50 OZ7.00 OZ8.25 OZ9.25 OZ10.50 OZ11.75 OZ
60 LB7.50 OZ8.00 OZ9.50 OZ10.75 OZ12.00 OZ13.50 OZ
70 LB8.25 OZ9.00 OZ10.50 OZ12.00 OZ13.50 OZ15.00 OZ
80 LB9.25 OZ10.00 OZ11.75 OZ13.25 OZ15.00 OZ16.75 OZ
90 LB10.00 OZ11.00 OZ12.75 OZ14.50 OZ16.50 OZ18.25 OZ
100 LB10.75 OZ11.75 OZ13.75 OZ15.75 OZ17.75 OZ19.75 OZ
An 8 ounce serving of Brain Booster Fresh Food Topper Provides 200 Calories
Brain Booster Fresh Food Topper Calories Per Ounce24.9
Feeding Guideline Calculation FormulaDaily Calories Requirements ÷Brain Booster Fresh Food Topper Calories Per Ounce = Daily Feeding Amount

 

 

When To Start Training a Puppy

Immediately after they arrive home is when to start training a puppy.
Everything you do with your puppy is training your puppy. He is constantly learning. Credit: IzaLysonArts/500px Getty Images

Puppy training begins when a dog is born. Every interaction your puppy has with other dogs and people is training. Your pup’s mom supervises play, stopping pup who gets “out of hand,” encouraging cleanliness (aka potty spots), and socialization.

 

 

How to Train a Puppy

While puppies don’t need serious obedience training at 5 weeks of age, simple training should start right away. Basic lessons begin as soon as the you bring your new family member home, whether it be the 10-week-old pup from a breeder or a 6-month-old that you’ve adopted.

Positive reinforcement is key to teaching your puppy the behaviors you want. Dogs of any age appreciate praise, treats, and toys. If your new to having a puppy—or it’s been a long time—it can help to sign up for a puppy class and work with a trainer who can advise you and help with problems that might appear during your puppies training.

What Is Puppy Socialization?

Socialization is a big part of training your pup, and it starts on Day 1. The golden window for socialization is around 12 to 16 weeks, which means this is the best time to gently expose your puppy to new sounds, sights, and adventures. While socialization never ends, this timeframe is extremely important to the puppy’s development. A puppy training class gives your puppy socialization with other dogs and an experienced trainer to keep everything under control and positive.

Make Puppy Training Fun

The goal of all puppy training should be fun and build confidence including housetraining. Programs like Early Neurological Stimulation (ENS) and Early Scent Introductions (ESI) start basic training right away. An Adventure Box provides some novelty as well.

Exposures to different surfaces, people, and food bowls all add to a puppy’s basket of experiences. Gentle handling gives a puppy positive associations with people. While you don’t want to overwhelm a puppy, you do want to provide options and different choices.

Many breeders get a pup started with various play gym obstacles, like low boxes to climb into or on top of, tunnels, wobble boards, etc. At least initially, these novel items are simply just there. The puppies can choose to explore them on their own with no pressure. Watching a bold sibling will often inspire a quieter pup.

When your puppy is in your home, you can start increasing his socialization by going to stores, like Home Depot, that allow dogs in to let your puppy experience new sites and sounds. Walks in quiet parks allow your puppy to watch people, dogs, and wild critters and see what’s happening around them. Never force a puppy to “deal” with something or endure a loud noise. Let the puppy make his own choices. If he’s afraid, don’t push the issue. Remember, you’re building trust.

Manding Is a Voice for the Puppy

Many owners and breeders now work on positive techniques such as “manding.” Basically, manding is where a puppy learns to use a behavior to get what the puppy wants. For example, sitting is commonly used, since it is a relatively easy thing to teach and it’s a readily identifiable behavior. Most puppies will include eye contact.

For example, puppies naturally try to jump up on you to get your attention, but if you ignore that jumping and give him attention (or a treat) when he sits and looks at you, he will learn that sitting is way to communicate that he wants your attention (or a treat).

Manding can circumvent undesirable behaviors. Puppies taught with manding principles will learn appropriate behaviors to communicate what they want. Proponents see manding as the puppy being empowered to get desired response by presenting this behavior.

No-Stress Training

An important consideration in training your puppy is not to stress him physically or mentally. Just like young children, puppies do not have long attention spans. Doing training in 10 five-minute sessions (or even shorter) over the day is preferable to doing a one-hour long marathon.

No Heavy Physical Training

Puppies mature at varying ages. Physical stress can lead to permanent bodily damage. While it is tempting to take your 3-month-old puppy on a mile run to gain a couple hours of quiet exhaustion, that is not appropriate for his age and undeveloped bones. Loose walks with plenty of food recalls are perfect as long as they’re short.

A puppy’s growth plates, which are located at the ends of his limbs, close anywhere from 8 to 18 months depending on breed. Your pup shouldn’t be jumping, running at speed, or working for long periods of time before then or you risk damaging the puppy’s limbs.

Raw Diet for Dogs: Should You?

A raw diet for dogs is notionally more nutritious, but it can have risks.
A dog chasing and eating a rabbit is not really a “raw diet.” Credit: Amir Mukhtar | Getty Images

I watch my Belgian Tervuren bitches do “natural and raw” food. While my boys prefer cooked and served on a platter, the girls will catch a rabbit, and they eat all of it. Hair, head, guts, along with muscle meat. Is this a natural raw diet? Not really.

Most raw diets concentrate on muscle meat and bones. At-home versions are heavy on neck bones, wings, and backs. And, importantly, supplements are needed to round out the diet and approach nutritional completeness.

Vital vitamins and minerals must be compensated for in a raw diet. Getting the calcium/phosphorus balance just right, especially for puppies, can be very challenging. Properly feeding raw you make yourself is not as easy as your dog catching and consuming an occasional rabbit.

Proponents of raw diets believe that raw is more natural and more nutritious. The catch is that commercial and even homemade raw diets aren’t mimicking a true natural diet for canids, which includes a variety of prey (dead and alive), as well as plants, berries, and vegetables.

Are Raw Diets Healthy for Dogs?

To be healthy, a raw diet must be balanced and complete, and there are commercial raw diets that do just that. Vegetables, fruits, and supplements may be included. Most manufacturers rely on freezing, freeze-drying, or dehydration to preserve the foods for shipping and storage.

Can a Raw Diet Safely Provide Good Nutrition?

Yes, it is possible, but it requires more expense and effort than the average dog owner can or will put in to do it correctly. If you choose to feed raw, do your research and make the effort to do it right. For some dogs, it does seem to help (anecdotally, as there are no clinical studies), probably from minimal ingredients as much as anything.

Is a Raw Diet Dangerous for Dogs?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends avoiding raw diets for pets, for both human and pet potential health problems. Many veterinarians agree.

Raw pet foods are in the news a lot due to cats dying from raw diets and raw milk infected with avian flu. Freezing and freeze-drying do not kill the avian flu virus. At this time, dogs appear to be resistant to the avian flu virus, but that could change with mutations.

In addition, an FDA study from 2014 found the risk of exposure to some foodborne bacteria (Salmonella, Listeria, or toxigenic E. coli) in frozen raw meat diets for pets purchased online is about one out of three. Remember, freezing and freeze-drying do not affect most viruses, although many bacteria and parasites will be wiped out. Any toxins present may be preserved.

While dogs in general are fairly resistant to these pathogens, many are not. Puppies with immature immune systems and seniors with weakened immune systems are at risk, along with any dog with an immunocompromising health problem, such as cancer. Also, people are more susceptible to those bacteria than dogs.

That means food hygiene while preparing these foods must be perfect. A household with human seniors, very young children, and anyone with an immune-related illness should avoid touching raw pet foods.

Then, why don’t my dogs who catch and eat rabbits get sick? These girls are eating truly fresh meat with no chance for bacterial growth or toxin production sitting on your kitchen counter thawing. (Of course, my dog could still get things like tapeworms from those “fresh” meals.)

When it comes to “natural food,” dogs have evolved to eating a wider variety of foods than their wild ancestors with domestication, such as utilizing starches better than wild canids. If you choose to feed raw, simply ensure you take all safety precautions and ensure that the food you purchase or make yourself is nutritionally complete.

Best Choices in Free Dog Training Apps

Free dog training apps offer ways for a new dog training to manage their dog's training.
The right dog training help can guide you through training steps, such as teaching fetch, but you probably should familiarize yourself with the steps before you begin training. Credit: Svetikd | Getty Images
Free dog training apps are convenient, budget-friendly, and address behavioral issues and training. They can even help you teach your dog tricks. However, with so many apps available, it can be challenging to determine which ones to use.
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Why Is My Dog Licking Air?

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Why is your dog licking the air? The causes could range from an unusual scent to health problems like seizures.
You may find your dog licking air for reasons from a tantalizing smell in the air to communicating with you to telling you he isn’t feeling well. Credit: Agnieszka Wieczorek/500px | Getty Images

Dogs lick the air for a multitude of reasons, some medical and some behavioral. It may not make sense to us, but let’s examine some of the options:

Dogs May Lick Air to Communicate

Licking the air when directed at a canine housemate or a human can be appeasement. This action is typically offered by an insecure dog who is unsure of what may transpire in any given context. It’s usually in conjunction with appeasing body language such as a curved body to appear less threatening. Air licking can also happen because of excitement or reconnecting after an absence of either. This type of air licking can also fall under the heading of anxiety.

Dogs May Lick Air Due to Smells

Dogs may lick the air to taste the smells that their extraordinary olfactory senses give them access to try and identify them.

When you see a dog making what looks like mouthwash swishing moves after licking the air or showing the Flehman response, where they curl up their upper lip, showing their teeth. This means that they are using their Jacobson organ, also known as the vomeronasal organ. This organ, located at the roof of their mouth, allows them to process smells, especially those associated with pheromones. You may see this happen when they are smelling urine markings on a walk or in the case of a boy dog being a little rude to a girl dog, after taking a hearty sniff of their privates.

Dog May Lick Air Due to Illness or Pain

Gastrointestinal issues/acid reflux can cause air licking, along with other symptoms such as air gulping/swallowing, vomiting, nausea, etc. Reach out to your veterinarian to help you better assess the situation.

Dental issues/mouth pain is a common cause of air licking. Does your dog’s breath smell off? Is there something stuck in their mouth/teeth? If this is uncommon behavior on your dog’s part and you suspect this to be the cause, prompt attention is important.

Seizures are another possible cause for air licking. Look at the context for other signs of such, especially if this is not normal for your dog. Get a video if possible, if your dog is not in immediate danger, as it can assist your veterinarian with diagnosis.

Licking Air May Be a Sign of Doggie Dementia

Declining cognitive abilities like Canine Cognitive Disorder (doggy dementia) can be a cause for air licking, especially when it primarily happens in the evening. It may be associated with other symptoms for this condition such as confusion, pacing, barking/whining at night, etc. A consultation with a veterinary behaviorist may be in order, but start with your primary-care veterinarian.

Licking Air May Be a Behavioral Issue

A dog licking the air can be one of the signs of an obsessive/compulsive disorder (OCD) that can also include biting the air. Again, context matters so keep track of what is going on at the time. Licking or biting the air is part of an attempt to self-sooth though an unproductive one. If this describes your dog, a neurologist may need to be part of their care team as well as a veterinary behaviorist.

This potential cause for why a dog is air licking can often go hand in hand with signs of anxiety in a dog. Most dogs who have OCD propensities are also anxious to varying degrees. If you suspect that your dog’s air licking is anxiety related, it’s important to reach out to a well-qualified dog behavior consultant or a veterinary behaviorist or both.

We all know dogs enjoy licking things. Your dog may simply be enthusiastic about the idea of a soon-to-be-enjoyed treat. If this is your dog, relish that enthusiasm! Otherwise, play detective and get to the root cause of the air licking by looking at the surrounding context.

Dog Food’s Effect on Yeast Infections and Severe Allergies

Dog food can be the cause of a dog's allergies and chronic yeast infections. So which dog food is best for allergies and yeast infection.
Dog ear infections, allergies, and yeast infections can all be due to dog food. Credit: Dimarik | Getty Images

If your dog is suffering from skin irritation, ear infections, or digestive issues—often caught in a cycle of chronic discomfort—veterinary intervention is crucial. While it’s true that a growing body of evidence highlights the significant role that diet plays in either aggravating or alleviating the underlying causes of these problems, it’s not a one-for-all dog food choice.

Dog Food Allergies and Skin Infections

Among the most common concerns of dog owners are skin allergies and yeast infections, which are often interconnected. To begin with, it is essential to recognize the difference between environmental and food-related allergies. Although many pet owners suspect food allergies when their dogs display symptoms like itching, red skin, or digestive discomfort, true food allergies in dogs are relatively rare.

Research indicates that food allergies only impact about 20% of dogs. In most cases, allergies in dogs are caused by environmental triggers such as pollen, mold, dust mites, fleas, or household cleaning products. However, for the small percentage of dogs that do suffer from food sensitivities or allergies, dietary management becomes a key component of symptom control.

When dogs react to their food it means that their immune system is mistaking a typically harmless ingredient as a threat. This misidentification prompts the body to mount an inflammatory response, which may present as skin irritation, hot spots, gastrointestinal upset, or recurrent ear infections.

Animal Protein and Dog Allergies

One of the most common culprits in such food-related allergies are animal proteins. Dogs are most often allergic to proteins like beef and chicken, which are among the most widely used ingredients in commercial dog foods. Other proteins such as pork, lamb, and even fish can trigger similar responses in sensitive dogs, although these are somewhat less common.

Dairy products can also lead to issues, especially since adult dogs are lactose intolerant. Like most adult mammals, dogs lack an enzyme called lactase, which is necessary to break down lactose, the sugar found in milk. Consuming dairy that has not been treated with lactase can result in gastrointestinal discomfort and contribute to systemic inflammation, further exacerbating skin issues.

Additionally, eggs, while highly digestible, may also pose a risk to dogs that are allergic to chicken, due to the similarity in proteins between the two ingredients. While sensitivities to grains such as wheat and corn are even more uncommon, some dogs do exhibit adverse reactions to them, as well as to legumes, such as soy and peas.

Dog Food Elimination Trials

Because dog foods often contain a long list of ingredients, determining the exact cause of an allergic reaction can be challenging. Limited ingredient diets can help in this regard, as they reduce the number of potential allergens and typically feature a single source of protein. These diets are useful for dog elimination trials, which introduce new ingredients one at a time to determine if they trigger a reaction.

Novel Protein Dog Diets

Another effective strategy involves the use of novel protein diets. These diets feature proteins that a dog is unlikely to have encountered before, such as duck, venison, rabbit, bison, or kangaroo. Since the immune system has not been sensitized to these proteins, they are less likely to provoke a reaction.

Best Diet for Dog Yeast Infections

In the case of yeast infections, the connection to diet is equally compelling. Yeast infections in dogs are caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a naturally occurring yeast that lives on the skin and in the gut. Under normal conditions, Candida remains in balance with other microorganisms in the body. However, when this delicate balance is disrupted by factors such as antibiotics, corticosteroids, immune suppression, or underlying allergies, yeast can quickly grow out of control and cause infection. These infections commonly manifest as itchy skin, foul-smelling ears, constant paw licking, and digestive upset.

A diet high in carbohydrates creates an ideal environment for yeast overgrowth. This is because carbohydrates, especially those derived from grains and starchy vegetables, are broken down into sugars that the yeast then feeds on.

Many commercial dog foods contain high inclusions of these ingredients, including wheat, corn, rice, oats, potatoes, and peas. Grain-free options can be misleading, as they often rely heavily on legumes and root vegetables that are high in carbohydrates. For dogs prone to yeast infections, it is important to shift toward a low-carbohydrate diet that limits these starchy ingredients and emphasizes high-quality, easily digestible animal proteins.

Look for Anti-Inflammatory Ingredients

In addition to reducing carbohydrate intake, focusing on anti-inflammatory ingredients can help control both yeast infections and allergies. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly those derived from fish oil, algae, or flaxseed, are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and can support the health of your dog’s skin and coat. Including these nutrients in the diet helps to reduce systemic inflammation, alleviate itching, and promote healing. Other beneficial nutrients include biotin and zinc, which support skin repair, and vitamin E, an antioxidant that contributes to skin health and helps to control inflammation.

Probiotics Can Suppress Yeast Growth

Supporting the health of your dog’s gut is another crucial aspect of managing both yeast infections and allergies. A healthy digestive tract plays a central role in immune function and can significantly influence the severity of allergic responses and yeast overgrowth. Introducing probiotics into your dog’s diet can help maintain a balanced microbiome and help suppress the growth of harmful organisms like Candida.

Probiotics may be found in some high-quality commercial foods and can also be added to your pet’s diet in the form of a supplement. Some pet owners also choose to incorporate fermented foods such as unsweetened kefir or yogurt, though care must be taken to avoid dairy-based products unless they have been appropriately processed to remove lactose.

Hydrolyzed and Hypoallergenic Diets

For dogs with severe or persistent symptoms, prescription hypoallergenic or hydrolyzed diets may be necessary. Hydrolyzed diets involve breaking down proteins into smaller amino acids and peptides, which are less likely to be recognized by the immune system as allergens. These formulas are often recommended for dogs that have not responded to standard elimination diets or who experience frequent relapses.

Because hydrolyzed diets are typically available only through veterinary prescription, it is important to consult with a veterinarian before starting such a regimen. Furthermore, pet owners should avoid introducing supplements or treats that could reintroduce allergens or unnecessary carbohydrates, thereby undoing the benefits of a controlled diet.

While not all cases of skin irritation, ear infections, or digestive upset can be resolved through diet alone, nutrition plays an undeniably significant role in managing these conditions. By eliminating common allergens, reducing carbohydrate intake, supporting the gut microbiome, and including anti-inflammatory nutrients, pet owners can create a dietary environment that helps their dog’s body resist infection and reduce inflammation. Alongside proper veterinary care, a well-balanced, thoughtfully selected diet can greatly improve your dog’s comfort and long-term health.

Beef and Brown Rice Homemade Dog Food Recipe

Nutritionally complete homemade dog food can keep your dog in excellent health for a fraction of the cost of raw and other premium brands.
If you think making your own dog food is too complicated, think again! This simple beef and brown rice recipe is made with easy-to-find human-grade ingredients. Credit: nensuria | Getty Images
Providing a balanced, home-cooked diet for your dog doesn't have to be complicated! This simple yet nutritionally complete beef and brown rice recipe follows NRC guidelines for adult maintenance and uses ingredients readily available at most supermarkets.
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  • Recommendations for the best dog food for your dog.
  • Dry food, homemade diets and recipes, dehydrated and raw options, canned food and more.
  • Brands, formulations and ingredients all searchable in an easy-to-use, searchable database.

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