Pepcid and Prilosec are better options than Tums for a dog with an upset stomach, but all should be given only with veterinary supervision. Credit: Snizhana Galytska | Getty Images
Tums is an over-the-counter (OTC) human antacid composed of calcium carbonate. If your dog is battling stomach issues, your veterinarian may recommend an antacid for dogs to help with high levels of stomach acid, but it’s not likely to be Tums. Most commonly, your vet may prescribe an acid blocker such as famotidine (Pepcid) or omeprazole (Prilosec).
Tums for Dogs with Kidney Failure
For dogs with kidney failure, phosphorus buildup can be a serious side effect. Veterinarians usually prescribe phosphorus binders to deal with this, but Tums may be suggested as a low-cost alternative. The calcium in Tums helps to bind some of the excess phosphorus, which is then passed in the feces. This is not the ideal, however, and dosing directions need to be followed exactly. You should be in close contact with your veterinarian.
The use of Tums long-term without veterinary supervision can exacerbate kidney disease and/or cause an excess of calcium. Tums can also interfere with some other medications, generally making them less effective. You should always check with your veterinarian before trying any OTC medication for a dog with chronic health problems.
When to Consider Tums for Dogs
The most common use for Tums in dogs is for calcium supplementation for female dogs after giving birth (whelping). Tums should not be given during pregnancy or pre-whelping as it can lead to life-threatening hypocalcemia levels, problems during whelping, and problems during lactation if given pre-whelp.
Eclampsia, milk fever, or hypocalcemia can be seen in dams who are nursing. It is most common with large litters and with dams who were inappropriately supplemented with calcium while pregnant. Affected bitches may show muscle tremors and progress to seizures. Behavior changes may be the first subtle indication that something is wrong.
This is a medical emergency, usually requiring intravenous calcium. Post hospital care, bitches may be sent home with Tums as one of their sources of follow-up calcium supplementation. Directions should be followed exactly.
If Tums are suggested for calcium supplementation for your bitch post whelping, be sure to get an appropriate dose from your veterinarian. Check for the addition of flavorings like xylitol and for any dyes.
Remember, xylitol can be deadly to dogs, even in small amounts! Read the label ingredients. In addition, Tums preparations often have dyes added to make them appeal to people. Some dogs are sensitive to these food dyes to provide color.
Note: Tums is not approved for use in dogs but might be used off label for some dogs. Off label means the medication is not FDA approved for that use but generally regarded as safe for certain uses in pets under controlled conditions.
With all of the options available in stores and online, finding a good wet food that meets your dog’s needs can be a daunting task. Credit: JackF | Getty Images
There are many reasons dog owners may choose to feed their dogs canned food, and one primary concern that leads many others to choose not to—the price. High-quality canned foods, especially those rich in animal protein and made with whole ingredients, are often significantly more expensive than dry foods. For those who own large-breed dogs, or for multi-dog households, the expense of feeding canned food exclusively adds up very quickly, making it cost-prohibitive for many families, including my own. However, for certain dogs, the benefits may justify the extra expense.
The biggest advantage of canned food is its high moisture content. With most formulas containing between 75-85% water, a canned diet is an excellent way to boost your dog’s hydration. This makes canned food especially beneficial for dogs with kidney or urinary tract issues, those on diuretic medications, and dogs recovering from gastrointestinal illnesses. Proper hydration supports healing, organ health, digestion, and overall vitality.
Another major benefit of canned diets is their composition. Many high-quality canned foods are naturally lower in carbohydrates (with some being carb-free) while also being rich in animal protein and healthy fats. Because dogs have no nutritional requirement for carbohydrates, this balance is ideal for maintaining lean muscle and supporting metabolic health. In particular, low-carbohydrate diets may be advantageous for dogs with cancer, since cancerous cells use carbohydrates, glucose to be specific, as an energy source at a higher rate than most normal cells in the body. Because of this, you want to feed your cancer-patient as few carbs as possible.
Wet food is also typically more aromatic and palatable than dry food options, making it ideal for picky eaters, dogs with decreased appetites due to illness or medication, and senior dogs who have a reduced sense of smell. Many canned diets also utilize fewer preservatives and contain higher levels of animal-based ingredients. The soft texture of canned food also means it can be used to fill enrichment toys, lick mats, or puzzle feeders to provide both mental stimulation as well as a tasty and nutritious snack.
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Best Canned Dog Food by Category
If you are considering a wet-food diet, it is important to select the right product for your dog’s specific needs. The store shelves are full of options, and shopping online can be equally as overwhelming for even the most informed pet parent. To help make choosing a diet that is right for your dog easier, we have selected products we recommend under the following categories:
Many adult dogs thrive on an adult-maintenance diet, which generally contains a lower concentration of fat and protein, and a few other nutrients, compared to diets formulated for puppies. Growing puppies and pregnant or lactating females require an “all life stages” food and many highly active dogs do very well on these diets as well, as the higher fat and protein levels help to support sustained energy and lean muscle mass.
Beyond these two basic categories, your dog may require a limited-ingredient or grain-free diet, or one with lower amounts of fat or higher amounts of protein due to food sensitivities or health issues. We also have selected options for a diet that does not contain meat, and some budget-friendly options too!
Ingredients:
Sweet Potatoes, Potatoes, Water Sufficient for Processing, Brown Rice, Carrots, Tomatoes, Organic Olive Oil, Peas... View all
Things we like:
This food, and its ingredients, are from the USA.
We prefer non-legume carb sources; our top pick (and our runners up) contains minimal legume ingredients.
First 10 ingredients:Sweet Potatoes, Potatoes, Water Sufficient for Processing, Brown Rice, Carrots, Tomatoes, Organic Olive Oil, Peas, Blueberries, Cranberries
Here are the criteria used by Whole Dog Journal to choose the products that we include on our “Approved Canned Food” list, as well as our selections for the overall “Best” canned foods.
Named animal protein sources at the top of the ingredients list. Ingredients in pet food are listed in order of the weight of that ingredient in the formula, so you want to see a named animal protein source or sources in at least one of the top two spots on the list of ingredients. (“Named” means the species is identified: chicken, beef, lamb, etc.)
Water or broth may be first or second on the list, as the addition of water is often necessary for processing. But the animal protein source or sources should appear immediately after that.
If plant proteins are present in the food, we like to see them play a supporting role, appearing lower on the ingredient list – no earlier than the fifth or sixth position. The amino acid profiles offered by animal proteins suit dogs better than those of peas, potatoes, corn, soy, etc.
Named fat sources. Just as with the animal protein sources, any animal fat sources should be identified by species (i.e., chicken fat, beef fat, pork fat, salmon oil, etc.).
Whole foods. When vegetables, fruits, grains, and/or other carbohydrate sources such as chickpeas, peas, or sweet potatoes are used, to the extent possible, they should be whole.
Ingredients that have already been processed, shipped, and stored before they are mixed with other ingredients and processed again (canned) lose more of their nutritive value along the way than those that are shipped and stored whole before their inclusion into the wet food mix.
The things we avoid when selecting a diet are:
Animal products that are not specified by species. Meat, meat meal, poultry, poultry meal, animal fat, poultry fat: If your dog is intolerant of or allergic to certain ingredients, you have to know what specifically you are feeding them.
Animal by-products. This includes meat by-products and poultry by-product. We would strongly prefer to know what, exactly, is being included in the food, instead of “by-products” being used as a catch-all term. In some cases, the “by-products” used may well be nutritious chicken liver, chicken kidneys, and chicken hearts, but without specific labeling, the composition of the by-product is unknown.
Ingredient splitting. This is where two or more very similar food “fractions” appear on the ingredients list. Because the ingredients are listed in descending order of their weight, a manufacturer can make it appear that a high-quality ingredient is represented in the food in a greater amount than it is. If all the iterations of an ingredient (to use a common example, brown rice, white rice, brewers rice or yellow peas, green peas, pea protein, etc.) were combined or reconstituted, they would outweigh and push the higher-quality ingredient down on the ingredients list.
Added sweeteners. Sweeteners are sometimes used in some foods to increase their palatability. In canned foods, the protein- and fat-rich meaty ingredients should be enough to tempt the appetite of any dog.
Artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives. None of these are needed (or common, thankfully) in canned food.
Ultimately, the “best” diet is one that works for your individual dog, supporting their health, appetite, and lifestyle. While canned food may cost more and require some extra handling, its benefits in hydration, digestibility, and palatability can make it a worthwhile addition, particularly for dogs who need a little extra support at mealtime.
Search Our Canned Dog Food Database
If you’re looking for just the right wet food for your dog, we recommend taking a closer look at our list of “Approved Canned Foods” (available to WDJ subscribers only). This year, in addition to updating our list of more than 1000 individual canned dog foods, we’ve upgraded the database itself. Along with being able to filter your search by company, ingredients, price range, and more, you can also now compare specific foods, keep a list of your favorites, and share your search results with others.
When picking the right diet for your dog, remember that there are no one-size-fits-all recommendations for food. Feed each of your dogs what works best for them and consult with your veterinarian or a nutritionist if you have questions.
During testing, we looked for pet air purifiers that were easy to clean, had a good clean air delivery rate, and ran quietly. Credit: Jae Thomas
Whether it’s you or your dog who has allergies, a pet air purifier can help.
The best pet air purifiers can help minimize pet odors, pet hair, and pet dander in your home. They can also help with other common allergens and irritants like dust mites and pollen. If you or your dog suffer from seasonal allergies or live in an area with frequent poor air quality, a good air purifier can help you both breathe easier.
Here’s how to choose the best pet air purifier:
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Traits We Want in a Pet Air Purifier
Ease of use: The best pet air purifiers should be easy to turn on, swap settings, and change filters. Companion apps, if applicable, should have simple user interfaces and helpful features.
Clean Air Delivery Rate: The clean air delivery rate, or CADR, is a measure of how much clean air your air purifier can put out in a certain amount of time. It’s measured in cubic feet per minute, or CFM. We compared the CADR measurements for every air purifier on this list, and noted which ones performed the best in anecdotal testing.
Best room size: Most air purifiers have maximum room size specs, detailing the biggest room they can purify in one hour. Your space will determine how powerful a purifier you need, but generally it’s not bad to a have a purifier that works for larger spaces in a smaller space (it just means the purifier will turn over the air multiple times in one hour instead of once).
Noise level: Whether you’re going to use it in your bedroom or in the living room where you and all your dogs hang out frequently, a quiet but effective air purifier is a must. Loud fan noises make it so that you’re yelling over your air purifier constantly. Sound-sensitive dogs may also prefer quieter options.
Extra features: Automatic sensors, a smart companion app, and washable pre-filters that you can clean yourself are all perks we took into consideration during testing.
Do Air Purifiers Help with Pet Hair and Allergies?
Yes, air purifiers can help with pet hair and allergies. Pet air purifiers are meant to quickly trap dust, pollen, mold, mildew, pet dander, and dust in their filters. Less of these common allergens circulating in your home can help with allergic reactions (for both people and dogs).
Air filters with pre-filters can help reduce loose pet hair in your home as well. Pre-filters in air purifiers are designed to help trap larger particles like pet hair and dust bunnies, whereas HEPA filters in air purifiers are better at trapping smaller particles, like pet dander and pollen.
Air purifiers with activated carbon filters or odor neutralizers can also help tackle doggy odors in your home—ideal for multi-dog households.
The Shark NeverChange Air Purifier is great for busy households with multiple pets. The filter won’t need to be changed for up to 5 years and it features an odor eliminator capsule that helps neutralize pet smells in your home.
The Coway Airmega Mighty is similar in performance to the Levoit Vital 200S-P at a higher price. However, I’ve been testing this model for over 3 years and it’s held up wonderfully.
This innovative pet bed-meets-air purifier is a good pick for small spaces that need products that do double duty. The bed section works best for dogs under 15 pounds. It’s also a good option for dog and cat mixed species households.
The Coway Airmega 250 works well for large spaces but given its high price in comparison to the similar performance of the Levoit Vital 200S-P, the Levoit is a better pick in most cases.
Best Pet Air Purifier: Levoit Vital 200S-P Smart Air Purifier
In addition to purifying the air, the Levoit Vital 200S-P did a good job picking up dust and pet hair. Its low-profile design and reasonable price point were also pluses. Credit: Jae Thomas
I was thoroughly impressed with the Levoit Vital 200S-P Smart Air Purifier during testing. I’ve used the Coway Airmega Mighty for the last 3 years and found that this Levoit option is lower in price, has a sleeker, lower profile design, and covers larger rooms.
I liked the low-profile digital buttons on this purifier and the air inlet that traps floating pet hair. The Vital 200S-P can purify rooms up to 1862 square feet in one hour—the biggest of the options on this list.
The highest fan setting of this option is slightly louder than the Coway Airmega, but the sleep setting didn’t bother me at all during the night. This purifier has a three-stage filtration system, so another downside is that it requires two filter replacements when they need to be replaced.
During testing, I found that keeping the purifier next to my dog’s crate in my bedroom allowed it to suck up a lot of dust and wandering pet hair in the washable pre-filter.
This option also comes with a smart companion app that allows you to control your air purifier remotely, check on your home’s air quality, and more.
At $190 retail, but regularly on sale for $160, this air purifier is easily the best bang for your buck, especially if you’re looking for respite from pet allergies in your home.
Pet Air Purifier with the Longest Lasting Filter: Shark NeverChange Air Purifier MAX
The Shark NeverChange Air Purifier MAX features two washable pre-filters and a primary filter that doesn’t need to be changed for up to five years. Credit: Jae Thomas
If buying and changing filters in an air purifier puts you off of buying one, go for the Shark NeverChange Air Purifier MAX. Busy homes with multiple dogs have enough to worry about and this air purifier ensures you won’t have to think about changing the filter for up to five years.
This air purifier has two washable pre-filters in it, which can be vacuumed or rinsed off more frequently to extend the life of the main HEPA filter. It also features an odor-fighting capsule, which helps to neutralize odors in multi-pet homes. I found the scent of the odor capsule to be a bit overpowering in my small condo—it would be better suited to larger homes.
The NeverChange Air Purifier MAX has a handy digital display on the front of it that measures your home’s air quality and adjusts accordingly as it runs. It also features four fan levels (the most of the options we tested), but the highest fan setting is very loud.
Another Good Option: Coway Airmega AP-1512HH Mighty
When it comes to pet air purifiers, the Coway Airmega Mighty is a sturdy, time-tested option. Credit: Jae Thomas
The Coway Airmega AP-1512HH Mighty is a consumer favorite, and has been on the market for a long time. I’ve personally used this air purifier for about three years and it’s a good option. It performs similarly to the Levoit Vital 200S-P, but is a bit bulkier in design, a bit more expensive, and doesn’t purify rooms quite as large.
I got away without changing the filter on this model for about two and a half years and it still performed well, helping me with my dust allergies and sucking up pet hair in my two-dog home. It’s a solid option if you prefer a sturdier air purifier that’s been time-tested for multiple years.
The quiet and compact Blueair PetAir Pro pet air purifier doubles as a dog bed for small dogs. Credit: Jae Thomas
The Blueair PetAir Pro’s innovative design combines a pet bed with an air purifier. This pick is quiet, comes in aesthetically pleasing colors, and has a handy smart companion app that allows you to study up on your home’s air quality data.
However, the bed atop this air purifier isn’t the coziest (the add-on bolster option seems more comfortable), and it’s only large enough for very small dogs (ideally, 15 pounds or less). It can be a good option for mixed small dog and cat homes, as all pets could enjoy using the bed as a resting spot.
We Also Tested: Coway Airmega 250
The Coway Airmega 250 is a decent pet air purifier but doesn’t offer much that sets it apart from some cheaper models. Credit: Jae Thomas
I’ve used the Coway Airmega 250 in my home for the past 3 years and have generally liked it. It has a washable pre-filter that collects a ton of dog hair and helps to extend the life of the internal HEPA filter, and it is designed to purify spaces up to 930 square feet in 30 minutes. However, after two years, some of the buttons on my unit’s top panel no longer work and I feel that other similar air purifiers at lower price points perform similarly.
If your dog is down with the flu, or any of the CIRDC respiratory diseases, he may be lethargic and unwilling to eat.
Credit: Angintaravichian | Getty Images
In recent years, dog flu and severe canine respiratory disease of unverified etiology (causes) have resulted in many illnesses and even deaths in dogs. These two illnesses are part of a group of respiratory problems dubbed the whole canine infectious respiratory disease complex, or “CIRDC.”
Many canine respiratory illnesses are multiple pathogen problems. Often labeled “kennel cough” or “canine cough,” bacterial and viral agents interact together to cause respiratory illness. It’s when these upper respiratory infections develop further into pneumonia that we start to see cases needing hospitalization and some deaths.
Dog Flu Symptoms
Generally, symptoms of a respiratory illness in your dog are like those of the human common cold. For the milder cases, most dogs start off by coughing or sneezing. The classic “kennel cough” cough is a dry, honking sort of cough.
Some dogs may be lethargic and not have their usual appetite or zest for life. Other dogs act just fine even though they have this obnoxious cough. Dogs with chronic health conditions, senior dogs, and puppies are often the most severely affected.
Keep your dog home from day care, play dates, and training classes. Reschedule grooming appointments. All the respiratory pathogens are highly contagious.
Treating Dog Flu
Initial treatment tends to be symptomatic. You want to keep your dog quiet. The more active he is, the more he will cough, and that coughing irritates his trachea and leads to a vicious cycle of more coughing. Switching from a collar to a harness so your dog does not put pressure on his trachea from pulling while walking can also help.
With severe coughing, your veterinarian may suggest anti-cough medication to try to ease the irritation. Setting up a room with a vaporizer or keeping your dog in the bathroom while you shower can help with congestion. We may laugh about the miracle powers of chicken soup as an old wives’ tale, but if your dog will drink some down it does seem to help.
If your dog has difficulty breathing, or coughs so much he cannot rest comfortably, you need a veterinary visit. Dogs with pneumonia may need antibiotics, oxygen, intravenous fluids, chest coupage, and nebulization. Testing will be recommended to know exactly which pathogens your dog is dealing with.
What Is Dog Flu?
Flu is an airborne virus that fits with increased cases during winter months. This is especially true where groups of dogs might congregate such as daycare, boarding kennels, dog-sport events, groomers, dog parks, training classes, and veterinary hospitals. Any time an infected dog sneezes, coughs, or barks, they may shed the virus. To make things even trickier, dogs tend to be most likely to shed virus while incubating their infection and before they show full-blown clinical signs. Some dogs will not seem sick but can still shed the virus.
Canine influenza is associated with two flu virus strains: H3N8 and H3N2. H3N8 was first seen in 2004 in Greyhound kennels. The H3N2 variant made headlines with severe illnesses starting in the Chicago area and associated with importations of dogs from South Korea and China from 2015 through 2019. The virus caused big outbreaks with many dogs in one area infected, but it is probably endemic at this time in much of North America. To make matters worse, this is a tough virus that can survive for up to 48 hours on some surfaces, a full day on your clothing or pet bedding, and even 12 hours on your skin.
In late 2022 and early 2023, a new version of canine respiratory illness, ACIRC, appeared. The first cases were in Oregon, Colorado, and New England. Many of these dogs started off with typical relatively mild respiratory signs but more than expected moved on to pneumonia. No definitive pathogen has been identified though an unusual bacterium is on the suspect list. This atypical respiratory disease is still under investigation, although outbreaks have slowed.
What Causes Dog Flu?
The list of potential pathogens for canine respiratory illnesses is a long one as identified by the American Animal Hospital Association:
Viral pathogens
Canine adenovirus type 2
Canine distemper virus
Canine herpesvirus type 1
Canine parainfluenza virus
Canine pneumovirus
Canine respiratory coronavirus
H3N2 canine influenza virus
H3N8 canine influenza virus
Influenza A virus, to detect other
influenza strains
Bacterial pathogens
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Mycoplasma species
Streptococcus zooepidemicus
It is important to remember that many dogs will have more than one culprit, such as Bordetella plus canine adenovirus. Your veterinarian will need to make the call if your dog likely has a viral problem or has some bacteria involved which would respond to antibiotics.
Can You Prevent CIRD?
Obviously, you want to avoid respiratory illness with your dog if possible. Certainly, isolation is one way, but realistically our dogs are going to get some exposure.
Start by vaccinating. The standard distemper/parvo combo usually includes adenovirus and/or parainfluenza virus. Bordetella is given separately. There are injectable, oral, and intranasal versions. Giving the intranasal version can be challenge with some dogs, but I like that it provides some local immunity. So theoretically, local immunity may attack the bacteria right as they get sniffed in. (I suspect I am well protected as well from inhaling droplets that might get flung around when I give it.)
There is a vaccine for canine influenza as well. The injectable vaccine covers both H3N8 and H3N2. Both the canine flu and Bordetella vaccines should be boostered annually.
These respiratory vaccines are considered noncore vaccines. However, if your dog goes to the dog park, groomer, training classes, boarding kennel, or daycare, you would be wise to give these vaccines. Many of these places will require proof of vaccination for these illnesses. My own dogs get these vaccines, timed to give the best boost before the winter indoor activities.
Bed bugs will bite your dog, just as they will bite you, and your dog can carry them home on himself and his bedding, just like your luggage.
When it comes to bed bugs, humans are the preferred food source, but bed bugs are equal opportunity insects. While bed bugs don’t live on your dog like fleas, preferring to feed and leave, they may inadvertently catch a ride on your dog and/or his bedding. Sadly, flea and tick products are not effective against bed bugs.
Recognize Bed Bug Bites on a Dog
Bed bugs make small, red bites that can be very itchy. At this time, their bites are not associated with any diseases, but if your dog is biting and chewing at the bites, he can develop secondary bacterial or fungal infections.
Look for the bugs themselves as well as reddish brown stains under sheets, at mattress corners, and on box springs. One of the best methods for identifying bed bugs is a trained bed bug dog, but most families don’t travel with one.
Bed bugs are flat, brown bugs, about the size of a grain of rice. These bugs become active at night when you and your dog are sleeping. Pet beds, dog crates, and pet blankets can all provide homes for bed bugs. During the day they hide in any cracks related to a bed (frames, headboards, mattress seams). Eggs are also laid in those locations. Bed bugs have five nymph stages, all of whom are blood thirsty.
Startling as it is, adult bed bugs can go months without feeding, so they can live is a closed off room until the unwitting person or pet enters.
Avoiding Bed Bug Infestations
Many people have learned, often the hard way, to check bedbugreports.com when booking a hotel room. Not only will checking save you some itchy bites, but it will also save your dog from bed bug bites.
You can inadvertently bring bed bugs home if you stay in a contaminated place. The bugs can hide in your clothes, your suitcase, your purse, anything you carry out of an infected room and into your home. Bed bugs can, and will, also walk from one room to another such as in a hotel or an apartment building.
Eliminating Bed Bugs
Getting rid of bed bugs is war. Vacuuming, being sure to get into all cracks and crevices, and then dumping the vacuum bag outside in a sealed bag can help. Doing laundry of any possibly contaminated clothes or bedding helps. Be sure to include pet bedding, toys, and blankets. Use hot water for the wash and run the dryer on high heat.
For an infected mattress, enclosing it in an airtight plastic covering will kill the bugs. But, honestly, if you can, get rid of the mattress and buy a new one.
If your house is infected, you will most likely need a EPA-approved pesticide, and you would be wise to use a professional exterminator. Be sure to follow all guidelines on the use of these chemicals. You and all your pets will need to be out of the house.
Avoiding bed bugs is the ideal way to go. Always check hotels, dorms, and cabins before you unload any luggage or supplies.
German chamomile has a wide array of uses for dogs. It is considered very safe for pet use but be mindful that some dogs may be allergic to it, so check for sensitivities before use. Credit: BiancaGrueneberg | Getty Images
Chamomile can do a lot for dogs including helping to reduce your dog’s anxiety, improve her skin and coat, support digestion, repel insects, and even help with ear or eye infections. Since 1995, the International Herb Association has annually named an Herb of the Year, and its 2025 selection is German chamomile. Here’s how this fragrant plant can help your dog.
Is Chamomile Safe for Dogs?
p>As Gregory Tilford and Mary Wulf wrote in their book Herbs for Pets: The Natural Way to Enhance Your Pet’s Life, “Chamomile is, without doubt, one of the safest herbs in existence, but some animals (and humans too) are extremely allergic to this plant and its relatives. Always check for sensitivity before feeding this herb by applying a small amount of the preparation to an animal’s skin. Then if no reactions are observed, feed just a drop or two and watch for any changes in your animal.”
Chamomile is related to ragweed, so anyone allergic to ragweed may be at risk. Introducing your dog to chamomile with small doses and observing its effects is a safe first step.
There are Two Chamomiles
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), this year’s Herb of the Year, is a tall annual that produces daisy-like white petals with hollow yellow centers and a sweet apple-like fragrance. Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) is a short perennial often grown as a ground cover which has a slightly different scent and a more bitter taste. Although both are used medicinally, German chamomile contains higher concentrations of anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and calming compounds. To avoid confusion, look for teas and products clearly labeled as German chamomile.
German chamomile has been used medicinally for thousands of years, and in 2022, the journal Pharmaceuticals published A Comprehensive Study of Therapeutic Applications of Chamomile, examining scientific studies that document its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, anticancer, and anti-hypertensive properties.
Rita Hogan, author of The Herbal Dog, calls German chamomile “a bit of herbal sunshine” for dogs and recommends it to help relieve stress and anxiety, heal muscle strains or sore joints, speed the healing of cuts and abrasions, clear eye irritations, and treat skin or coat problems.
Reporting on The Calming Herb Chamomile, herbalist Gregory Tilford recommends chamomile for canine indigestion, gas, and vomiting. “I find the tea or tincture especially effective when used in dogs who are prone to stomach upset during episodes of hyper-excitability,” he wrote.
Chamomile Tea for Dogs
Organic chamomile is recommended for dog use, and whole flowers are preferred over chopped or powdered tea. If you grow or have access to fresh blossoms, even better.
To brew chamomile tea, heat filtered or spring water to 175-185 degrees Fahrenheit (80-85 degrees Celcius), which is lower than water’s 212°F boiling point. Chamomile is delicate and the heat of boiling water can diminish its flavor and benefits.
For a loose-leaf tea, use 1 to 2 teaspoons dried or 1 to 2 tablespoons fresh chamomile blossoms per cup of water. For tea bags, follow label instructions. Cover the cup or teapot and let the tea steep for 5 to 10 minutes, then strain. Chamomile tea becomes bitter if left to steep longer. Let the tea cool to room temperature before using. Brewed chamomile tea can be stored in the refrigerator for up to a week.
Add 1 teaspoon chamomile tea per 10 pounds of your dog’s body weight to food or drinking water. For dogs weighing 30 pounds, this would be 3 teaspoons or 1 tablespoon. For dogs weighing 60 pounds, use 2 tablespoons, and for dogs weighing 90 pounds, use 3 tablespoons.
According to Rita Hogan, chamomile tea given twice daily before dinner or 30 minutes after dinner can help calm dogs who pace and pant excessively, and can stimulate the appetites of restless dogs who would rather play than eat.
Chamomile tea can also be sprayed on your dog’s coat to speed the healing of wounds and abrasions. Apply the tea with a clean cloth or spray bottle. To help treat ear infections, use chamomile tea as an ear flush or apply it with cotton and gently wipe the ears. Chamomile tea that will be applied externally rather than consumed orally can be brewed stronger, such as double-strength, for faster results.
A combination of chamomile tea and saline solution can be used as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial eyewash for dogs with conjunctivitis or to remove dust or debris from the eyes. Apply by spraying or with an eyedropper.
Chamomile Dog Treats
Several brands of dog treats contain chamomile, either for its calming effects or to help prevent indigestion. Pet-Ease Calming Chews contain chamomile and tryptophan, a relaxing amino acid. Happy Paws Calming Chews contain chamomile and other soothing herbs like passion flower and valerian. Chamomile dog treats can be given at bed time to help dogs relax or after meals to help soothe digestion.
Using Chamomile Tinctures
Tinctures are liquid extracts that preserve the medicinal properties of the fresh or dried herbs they contain. Alcohol is the most widely used tincture solvent because it extracts fats, resins, waxes, most alkaloids, some volatile oils, and other plant components, which it preserves indefinitely. Vegetable glycerin, a sweet, syrupy liquid, dissolves mucilage, vitamins, and minerals but does not dissolve resinous or oily plant constituents. Apple cider vinegar does not break down plant constituents as effectively as alcohol or glycerin, but it extracts sugars, tannins, glycosides, bitter compounds, alkaloids, vitamins, and minerals.
To make an effective chamomile tincture that you can add to food or apply to sore muscles and minor wounds, fill a glass jar with fresh or dried German chamomile blossoms and cover them with equal quantities of vodka, vegetable glycerin, and apple cider vinegar. Tightly cap the container and let it stand for 2 to 4 weeks in a dark location, inverting or shaking the jar every few days. Strain the tincture and store it in a glass container.
Chamomile tinctures from brands like Herb Pharm and Botanic Choice are sold in dropper bottles that simplify dosage. For most applications, use 1 drop of chamomile tincture per pound of body weight. Most eyedropper bottles hold 1 fluid ounce and include a 1-ml dropper that holds 20 drops, so an average dropperful would treat a 20-pound dog. Smaller amounts are appropriate when introducing tinctures to dogs, and quantities can be gradually increased.
Chamomile Essential Oil for Dogs
In her book Holistic Aromatherapy for Animals, Kristen Leigh Bell explains that the essential oil of German chamomile is popular because its chamazulene, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon that gives it an intense, deep blue color, effectively treats burns, wounds, allergic reactions, and all types of skin irritations. “This costly oil is frequently adulterated with other blue oils, such as blue tansy or Moroccan chamomile, which lack the healing properties that true German chamomile possesses,” she said. “For this reason, it is ultimately important to know your source when purchasing.” Checking with manufacturers of grooming products, pet medications, salves, and essential oils about their sourcing is always recommended, as responsible brands offer documentation describing their ingredients’ sources.
German chamomile essential oil also has insect-repelling properties, as shown by tests against ant species and mosquitoes. To make a simple insect-repelling spray, add 30 drops German chamomile essential oil to 2 tablespoons vodka or other ethyl alcohol (avoid rubbing alcohol) and mix or shake to disperse the essential oil. Then add enough water to make 1 cup of solution. Spray your dog well, avoiding the face and nose. Massage or brush the coat to distribute.
In addition to being great for enrichment activities, lick mats can help dogs calm down and eat more slowly. We tested six options to see which worked best. Credit: Jae Thomas
Similar to chewing, licking is a naturally soothing behavior for dogs. The best dog lick mats are excellent ways to offer your dog enrichment in a calming, relaxing way.
Most dog lick mats are made of silicone or rubber and have various crevices or textures, making them ideal vehicles for peanut butter, softened kibble, raw food, or canned food. They can also be frozen to extend mealtimes, which is great for dogs who eat too fast.
A frozen lick mat will slow a dog down significantly more than a slow feeder bowl and won’t cause as much frustration for dogs who have trouble with puzzle toys. These handy tools are also good for dogs who get nervous in certain situations (like at the vet or in the car), since licking has a naturally calming effect.
In addition, lick mats can be great enrichment activities when busy pet parents need to keep their pups occupied occasionally.
Here’s how to choose the best lick mat for your dog:
Traits We Want in a Dog Lick Mat
Ease of use: Dog lick mats should be easy to fill, freeze, and clean. Because lick mats have irregular (and sometimes tiny) patterns, being dishwasher safe is a must. You don’t want to have to hand wash sticky peanut butter or leftover wet food from tiny crevices in a lick mat.
Extra features: Extra features like suction cups to keep the lick mat from moving are handy. Some lick mats also offer additional enrichment though extra features, like wobbling lick bowls for an extra challenge, or waterproof suction mats for bathtime.
Note that some dogs get frustrated with more difficult puzzle toys. Lick mats with lots of compartments or options that wobble may not be suitable for dogs who are easily frustrated. Instead, opt for a lick mat with a single, simple pattern.
Durability: The durability your dog needs will depend on their preferences. Puppies or dogs who tend to chew should avoid lick mats and opt for Kongs or the West Paw Toppl instead. Very small dogs and gentle lickers will likely prefer a softer, more soothing mat, while high-energy excitable dogs may enjoy the extra challenge of a lick mat with deeper, irregular crevices.
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The LickiMat classic soother is great at getting dogs to calm down. Less of a puzzle toy and more of a calming activity, the soft bristles and singular pattern reduce frustration and promote decompression.
Though they’re not the most durable option (opt for something else for teething puppies), this two pack of Frisco Lick Mats offers enrichment at an affordable price.
The LickiMat Wobble is a good option to feed full meals in, since it holds up to four cups of dry kibble (slightly less if soaked). It’s a bit hard to fill with liquid and freeze, since it has a rounded, wobbly bottom.
This waffle-shaped lick mat is divided into four different sections, so you can easily vary the “toppings” or treats you offer to your dog on it. It’s relatively sturdy and thick, so it doesn’t slide around much on the floor.
This lick mat is designed to suction to your shower walls so your pup can have a treat during bathtime. It has very deep grooves and requires quite a bit of food to be put in it, which is heavy when frozen and may cause your mat to slide off the wall.
Best Dog Lick Mat: LickiMat Classic Soother
The LickiMat Classic Soother kept our tester dogs happy and busy for quite awhile. It also cleaned up easily and kept its contents well-contained. Credit: Jae Thomas
If the goal of a lick mat is to give your dog a quiet, soothing activity, the LickiMat Classic Soother does a good job of that. It doesn’t have a ton of different textures or compartments and isn’t too difficult for dogs to get the food/treats out of, though it entertains them for quite a long time with its dense bristles.
The pattern on this mat is simple and the texture is soft, encouraging dogs to lick and calm themselves down. It’s great for dogs who get frustrated with puzzle toys or who give up on lick mats with complicated textures.
The big rim around the edge keeps watery treats from spilling out, and it cleaned up easily in the dishwasher.
The only downside to this option (like most lick mats) is that it needs to be placed on something rigid when filling it with liquid if you plan to freeze it. It’s a little bit too floppy to fill with liquid then transfer to the freezer without spilling the filling.
Best Dog Lick Mat with Suction Cups: Woof LickMat
The Woof LickMat is easy to use and sticks well to hard surfaces. The company offers a LickMat spread to go with it, but the mat can be filled with just about anything. Credit: Jae Thomas
Woof is constantly innovating dog enrichment toys and the new Woof LickMat lives up to the hype. It has a few different uses.
First, you can add water to the brand’s LickMix spread (sold separately) and stir it in the center bowl before spreading it onto the rest of the mat. The mix comes in several different flavors and though the powder can get a little messy during the mixing process, it ultimately doesn’t matter since you’ll be spreading the powder mixed with water all over the mat anyway.
The LickMix spread is convenient since it doesn’t require being put in the freezer. It thickens up on its own after mixing with water and sitting for five minutes.
Secondly, you can simply spread your dog’s favorite treat or wet food onto the mat. Freeze the mat after spreading food on it for an extra challenge.
The mat has a bunch of small suction cups on the back of it, so you can affix it to the floor, the shower wall while giving your dog a bath, or any other hard surface. It can be a little difficult to use the suction cups if the mat is already filled with food (your hands may get a little messy), but it stuck well to my hardwood floors and my bathtub walls. Many lick mats slide around while your dog works on them, so the suction helps it stay in one place.
Best Budget Dog Lick Mats: Frisco Silicone Treat Lick Mat (2 Pack)
The Frisco Silicone Treat Lick Mats come as a pack of two with each having a different texture. They keep dogs busy for a long time but may need a couple of cycles in the dishwasher to get fully clean. Credit: Jae Thomas
If you have two dogs or like to prep multiple lick mats at a time, the Frisco Silicone Treat Lick Mat 2 pack is the most economical option on this list. I’ve had these two lick mats for years. They’re not the most durable (the gray one has a few nibbles on it from when my Collie was a puppy), but they’re great for trustworthy adult dogs who don’t destroy enrichment toys.
The two different textures both offer long enrichment periods with shallow crevices for your dog to lick their favorite treats out of. Both mats are top rack dishwasher safe, though they sometimes take two wash cycles to get completely clean if you use a sticky treat, like peanut butter, on them.
The only other downside to these mats is that I wish they were a little more rigid. Since they’re floppy, it’s hard to put them in the freezer with liquids on them without spilling.
Best Dog Lick Bowl: LickiMat Wobble
When it comes to slowing down a dog who eats too quickly—or just needs some entertainment—the LickiMat Wobble bowl gets the job done. Our tester dogs took almost an hour to get through a meal. Credit: Jae Thomas
For smart, high-energy dogs or dogs who eat their meals way too fast, the LickiMat Wobble bowl is a great way to slow down mealtime. It holds about 4 cups of dry kibble—less if it’s soaked since it expands—and can be filled with liquid like water or dog-safe chicken broth and frozen.
With frozen soaked kibble and water, it took my dogs nearly an hour to finish their food in this LickiMat, buying me some much-needed quiet time to take a few work calls.
The only downside of this option is that it’s a little bit difficult to fill and freeze since it has a rounded, wobbly bottom. I put it inside of a slightly bigger bowl to keep it stable while I filled it, then put the bowl and the LickiMat in the freezer together.
Another Good Dog Lick Mat Option: Spot Belgian Waffle Lick Mat
With four separate sections, the Spot Belgian Waffle lick mat is great if you’re looking to give your dog several different things to taste. However, the sharp corners can make it more difficult to clean. Credit: Jae Thomas
The Spot Belgian Waffle Lick Mat is a great divided option. The four different sections can be filled with a variety of treats, foods, or supplements to keep mealtime fun for your pup.
It’s sturdy and rigid, but the sharp square corners of this mat tend to hold onto wet food and peanut butter, even when put in the dishwasher. It may require multiple washes to get fully clean if you use sticky or thick fillings.
This mat is a bit heavier and more rigid than other options on this list, so it doesn’t move as much when dogs are working on it, even though it doesn’t have suction cups.
Best Lick Mat for Bath Time: Aqua Paw Lick Mat
The Aqua Paw Lick Mat is ideal for keeping dogs occupied and happy during bath time. It sticks well to most shower walls but may slide if it gets too heavy. Credit: Jae Thomas
I used to use the Aqua Paw Lick Mat frequently while giving my Collie a bath when she was a puppy. The suction cups are a great idea to make bath time more enjoyable for dogs and this lick mat sticks well to most shower walls and bathtubs (it can also be affixed to the ground for non-bath usage).
The main downside of this option is that it’s very large (opt for the smaller size for small dogs) and requires a lot of food to be put in it since the grooves are so deep. When frozen, it’s very heavy and during testing, sometimes slid off the shower wall from the weight. This is another option that requires multiple cycles in the dishwasher to get completely clean.
In addition to being relaxing, stretching and massage can help alleviate or prevent joint pain in dogs. Credit: BigshotD3 | Getty Images
Whether you are looking for dog hip pain relief or to soothe your pup after elbow surgery, there are many different options that can help in the short term or be used on a regular basis. Some treatments are expensive and require a veterinary specialist, but many others are affordable and as close as your own home.
This is an overview of some of the medications, manual therapies, rehabilitation therapies, supplements, and joint injections available to treat joint pain in dogs. You and your veterinarian can work together to determine which options make the most sense for you and your dog.
What Can I Give My Dog for Immediate Pain Relief?
First thing’s first: take a deep breath, and step away from the medicine cabinet. I know your dog is hurting but most of the medications we use daily for ourselves are toxic to dogs, don’t work very well for dogs, or don’t play nice with dog-specific meds. Wait to give any medications until you have met with your veterinarian, as she will have the best options that are both safe for your pup and most likely to help.
That said, there are things you can do right now!
Heat and Cryotherapy
If your dog is in pain due to an acute injury, such as hurting his leg chasing a ball, ice is your friend. Gently palpate your dog’s limbs to figure out where he is hurting, then apply an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel for 10-20 minutes (the longer the better). The ice will provide pain relief and combat inflammation.
No ice pack? A bag of frozen vegetables works just fine.
Not sure where exactly your dog is sore? You can run a cold hose or cold shower over your dog’s entire leg. Be sure to use a timer, as this method is effective but feels like an eternity.
If your dog’s joint pain is more of a chronic issue, heat is your friend. Heat a warm pack in your microwave and then allow it to cool to the point that it is comfortable to touch. Then apply the warm pack to your dog’s sore joint for 5-10 minutes. The heat will provide pain relief, increase circulation in the area to promote healing, and loosen tissues so that movement is easier and more comfortable.
Massage
Gentle massage improves circulation and can provide pain relief. If your dog is too sore in a particular spot, massage the muscles nearby instead. Also pay some attention to your dog’s back and the opposite leg from the injured one, as those muscles do extra work and get tight from compensating for the injured leg.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF)
If you have a PEMF device such as an Assisi Loop or a bed from Respond Systems, follow product instructions and repeat treatments as often as every two hours. PEMF is extremely safe and has virtually no side effects, plus it is easy to do at home. The device generates a magnetic field that interacts with pain signaling and reduces inflammation.
Caution: avoid PEMF if your dog has a pacemaker.
TENS
TENS units use a weak electrical current to provide pain relief. Basic TENS units are inexpensive and come with gel electrodes that can be applied to your dog’s skin. There are two primary ways to provide relief. Electrodes can be placed to either side of the painful area, or they can be applied to your dog’s back in the region where the relevant nerves enter the spinal cord.
If you have never used TENS before, wait to try it on your dog until you’ve been given guidance by a veterinary professional. He or she can show you where to apply the electrodes and help you determine the best settings for your dog. Most dogs find the gentle buzz soothing or don’t notice it, but others may not tolerate this therapy.
Weight Loss and Dog Pain Relief
Less weight equals less pressure on your dog’s joints. If your pup suffers from obesity, start a gradual weight loss plan to get him to his ideal weight. This takes time but may be the only treatment your dog needs for joint pain.
Low Impact Exercise Can Help Prevent Chronic Pain in Dogs
Keeping joints moving is the best way to preserve mobility and comfort. Exercise also builds muscle, which helps to support the joints. Walking and swimming are ideal as they maximize motion while minimizing force. Start with short outings and build over time – your dog can be tired after exercise but should not be sore the next day.
Supplements for Dog Joint Pain
Supplements can be given at home and are usually safe with few side effects. Product quality varies widely, and it can take several weeks before you see improvement.
Omega-3 fatty acids from marine sources have the most evidence for helping our dogs with joint pain. I have been really happy with the product Welactin from Nutramax, and my dogs enjoy it too. As well as supporting your dog’s joints, it is also great for skin and coat health. If you only want to choose one supplement, this is the one I would reach for.
Glucosamine and chondroitin are longtime favorites for many dog lovers. Dasuquin, Cosequin, and GlycoFlex are just a few of the products available.
CBD is becoming popular in dog supplements. Dosing, quality control, and bioavailability vary widely. Personally I prefer the oil from ElleVet, as this product has the most research behind it proving efficacy. CBD can impact your dog’s liver, and it is important to talk to your vet before combining CBD with NSAID or steroid medications.
There are many more products out there that may be helpful for your dog, including undenatured type-II collagen inhibitors, green-lipped mussel, and MSM.
Medications for Joint Pain Relief in Dogs
The medications discussed here are all available by prescription from your vet. Pain meds get your dog comfortable quickly and may be able to be decreased or discontinued entirely over time as you enact other therapies.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the rockstars of joint pain relief for dogs. These drugs work quickly and decrease inflammation and discomfort. NSAIDs can impact the liver over time, and cause stomach upset in some dogs.
Dog-safe NSAIDs include:
Carprofen (Rimadyl)
Meloxicam (Metacam)
Deracoxib (Deramaxx)
Grapiprant (Galliprant)
Gabapentin and pregabalin tackle pain from a different angle, focusing on nerve pain. These drugs can be helpful for some dogs on their own or can be combined with other medications.
Steroids such as prednisone provide extensive inflammation control. These drugs are usually reserved for extreme or unique cases, as giving a steroid for most joint pain scenarios is like bringing a machine gun to a knife fight. While steroids do their job very well, they also come with a variety of side effects.
PSGAG (Adequan) is an injectable medication that helps to lubricate joints and promotes growth of healthy cartilage. Depending on the protocol your vet uses, injections may be given twice a week initially and then decreased to once a month. You can learn to give the injection yourself. Adequan injections take time to show effect but are safe and have few side effects.
Anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) monoclonal antibody products like Librela block pain signaling so that your dog feels more comfortable. This is usually considered a last resort option because it does not stop inflammation or help to treat the underlying cause of your dog’s pain. In rare cases it can also make arthritis worse. Librela is given via injection once a month at your vet’s office.
Rehabilitation Therapy Options for Canine Joint Pain Relief
Rehab is like physical therapy for dogs. Your regular vet may offer some rehab options or may refer you to a rehab facility.
Therapies that can be used for joint pain include:
Tailored exercise plan with exercises you can do at home
Some of these treatments require visits once or twice a week, while others are less frequent or can be done at home.
Injections for Dog Joint Pain
Vets can do additional training to learn how to inject substances directly into your dog’s painful joint. Depending on the product, it may provide pain relief or it may help to heal damage in the joint.
Options for joint injections include:
Steroids – pain relief, inexpensive
Hyaluronic acid (HA) – lubricate the joint, short acting
Polyacrylamide hydrogel – coats the inside of the joint capsule
Steroid and HA joint injections may be available from your regular vet, but the other therapies often require a specialist. Degree of relief and how long each injection lasts varies with the product(s) used and your dog’s condition.
Your dog may be foaming at the mouth because he is drooling and panting at the same time, which causes bubbles in the drool that looks like foam.
Credit: Heather Paul | Getty Images
Most causes of a dog foaming at the mouth are not concerning. Consider what your dog has been doing, his current body language and attitude, and if he has any signs of injury or illness to discover the cause.
Often a dog foaming at the mouth happens simply because they are excited, stressed, or have been exercising heavily. But if your dog seems unwell, it could be something more serious.
Aerated Drool
Dog saliva is usually flat, but panting can add little air bubbles to the drool. This is what causes the appearance of foam! Air can get into your dog’s drool for many different reasons:
Panting or breathing rapidly from excitement
Sniffing heavily while also drooling (especially for male dogs sniffing a female dog’s urine)
Panting due to stress or anxiety
Panting heavily after exercising or playing hard
Ate something that tasted bad
If your dog is foaming at the mouth but acting normally, one of these causes is often the reason.
Nausea
If your dog feels a bit pukey, he will likely drool more than usual. This drool can become aerated with tiny bubbles, making it look like foam.
Young dogs frequently experience car sickness, and will be nauseous, drooly, and foam at the mouth when riding in the car. Thankfully most puppies grow out of this. To help your dog, try different methods of riding in the car: crate versus harness with seatbelt, able to see out the windows versus covered to block the view. Your veterinarian can prescribe meds for persistent or severe motion sickness in dogs.
Health Causes of Dog Foaming at Mouth
Several health conditions can cause excessive drooling and resultant foaming at the mouth. Dogs with an underlying issue causing the foaming will likely have additional symptoms.
Heat stress or heat stroke
Nausea from a viral, bacterial, or metabolic illness
Heat stress can occur when a dog overheats, usually from being too active in hot conditions or not having adequate ventilation and water availability. If you suspect heat stress in your dog, move him to shade, apply water to his head, underside, and paws, and seek veterinary care immediately.
Many infections and illnesses can cause nausea. Exact symptoms will vary, but can include poor appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and weight loss. Schedule a vet appointment to get a diagnosis.
Dogs with dental disease often drool to try to soothe his mouth. Antibiotics can help, but the best solution is often a dental cleaning under anesthesia to get the teeth and mouth fully cleaned up.
If something is stuck in your dog’s mouth, he may paw at or rub his face and may gag. Gently remove the item if your dog will let you, but some dogs may require sedation to free a stuck object.
Many toxins cause nausea. If you know or suspect your dog has consumed a toxic substance, call a pet poison hotline immediately to find out the best course of action.
A word on toads: many toads cause dogs to foam at the mouth if the dog licks them. Know what toads are in your area, and if they are generally safe or can be toxic. Rinsing your dog’s mouth with water is often helpful.
Bloat is when the dog’s stomach swells and fills with air, possibly also twisting and cutting off blood supply. This is an emergency that may require surgery.
Rabies virus is a worldwide problem and is fatal. This is why rabies vaccination is so important to keep you and your pets safe. If your dog is up to date on his rabies vaccination, it is extremely unlikely that his foamy mouth is due to rabies infection.
Anise is often used for nosework and scent games for dogs but it also offers a number of health benefits. Credit: Heather Paul | Getty Images
Anise, which has a licorice-like taste and fragrance, is not toxic to dogs and is generally considered safe in small quantities. It is often used in nosework training and offers other canine benefits including:
Improved digestion
Reduced gas and bloating
Freshened breath
Stress reduction
Increased training interest and focus
Anise vs. Star Anise for Dogs
Anise (Pimpinella anisum) is a flowering annual plant of the parsley family. It is native to Egypt and the Mediterranean but is now grown around the world. Anise is known for its seeds, which flavor sweet and savory dishes and can help alleviate symptoms of indigestion and respiratory illnesses. Anise essential oil flavors spirits like ouzo and arak.
Although the names and scents are similar, anise (the small seeds pictured in the front) and star anise (the star-shaped plant in the back) are unrelated. Anise is considered the safer of the two to give to dogs. Credit: bdspn | Getty Images
Native to southwest China, star anise (Illicium verum) is a popular spice with a scent similar to anise. However, the plants are unrelated. Star anise seeds, named for their unique star-shaped appearance, have a sweet licorice-like flavor that is more pungent than that of anise seeds.
Star anise is controversial because in large amounts or in concentrated forms (such as distilled essential oils), it can trigger seizures in dogs. While star anise can be used safely in small quantities, anise seeds from Pimpinella anisum are considered the safer choice for dogs.
Are Anise Seeds Safe for All Dogs?
Although most dogs tolerate and benefit from anise seeds, they are not recommended for pregnant dogs because anise can stimulate the uterus. Some veterinarians warn against feeding anise to puppies until they are at least 6 months old because their digestive tracts are still developing. Large quantities of anise seed are not recommended for any dog because large doses depress the nervous system.
When feeding crushed or powdered anise seeds, watch for signs of discomfort, including excessive scratching, loose stools, diarrhea, or vomiting. Such allergic reactions are rare as anise seed is generally safe for dogs, but if any of them occur, discontinue use.
Anise essential oil is not recommended for topical use or as a food additive for dogs. Save the essential oil for nosework training or similar activities.
Using Anise Essential Oil in Nosework
Anise seed essential oil is used in nosework training as a target scent along with other distinctive essential oils such as birch, clove, and cypress. Dogs quickly recognize anise, which enhances their ability to detect and locate items treated with it. Anise naturally excites and interests dogs, which is why it’s popularly known as “dognip” and why exposure to its fragrance makes scent articles all the more rewarding.
Even if your pup is not studying nosework, he can enjoy searching for and finding any toy, towel, or other object that has been scented with a drop of anise essential oil. Recommended sources include Amrita Aromatherapy, Aura Cacia, and Mountain Rose Herbs.
Adding Anise Tincture to Your Dog’s Food
Tinctures are concentrated extracts containing alcohol or glycerin, and although comparisons vary according to manufacturing methods and the quality of ingredients, 1/4 teaspoon of tincture is usually considered equivalent to 1 teaspoon of crushed or ground seeds, and 3/4 teaspoon of tincture is equivalent to about 1 tablespoon of crushed or ground seeds.
Tinctures can be added to your dog’s food, and most dogs enjoy the taste. Recommended anise seed tinctures are available from Herb Pharm, Herbal Terra, and other manufacturers. It typically comes in glass bottles containing eyedropper dispensers.
To determine a daily dose, start with 1 drop of tincture per 2 pounds of your dog’s weight. This would be 10 drops for a 20-pound dog (0.5 ml or about 1/8 teaspoon), 25 drops for a 50-lb dog (1.25 ml or about 1/4 teaspoon), or 50 drops for a 75-lb dog (2.5 ml or about 1/2 teaspoon).
Adding Anise Seeds to Your Dog’s Food
The benefits of adding anise seeds to your dog’s food can include improved digestion, better breathing, and increased relaxation because anise is a mild sedative. Although its use as a respiratory aid is less associated with canine than human health, some dog owners consider anise to be helpful for reducing coughs.
For best results, purchase anise seeds from Frontier Co-op, Starwest Botanicals, Gneiss Spice, or other organic suppliers. Crush or grind them with a mortar and pestle, coffee grinder, food processor, or blender. Store the crushed or powdered seeds in your refrigerator to maintain freshness.
Add small amounts to food and observe your dog’s response. If all goes well and your dog enjoys the taste, increase amounts gradually. Give up to 1/2 teaspoon crushed or powdered anise per day to small dogs (weighing less than 15 pounds); 3/4 teaspoon daily to medium dogs (15-35 pounds); 1-1/2 teaspoons daily to large dogs (35-70 pounds); and 2 teaspoons daily to dogs weighing more than 70 pounds. Divide doses in half if you feed twice a day.
Anise-flavored Dog Treats
Anise seeds flavor all types of foods, including baked goods like biscotti. Bone Bons makes Carrot Anise Biscotti Dog Biscuits so your dog can enjoy that fragrant, crunchy experience, too.
To make your own anise-flavored dog treats (see some sample recipes below), gather the ingredients and equipment, preheat your oven, and line a baking sheet with parchment paper. If using peanut butter or nut butter, look for brands that contain only one main ingredient (peanuts or nuts) and avoid brands containing sugar, xylitol, hydrogenated oils, or other additives.
Combine ingredients one at a time, mixing them with a stand mixer, food processor, or by hand.
After baking, leave treats at room temperature for a day or two, which helps harden biscuits, making them sturdier and crunchier. Depending on ingredients, home-prepared dog biscuits may last for several days to a week or more at room temperature or longer in the refrigerator. For long-term storage, freeze in air-tight containers.
Meaty Anise Dog Biscuits
3-1/2 cups all-purpose flour (wheat, gluten-free, almond, or other)
1 teaspoon baking powder
1/4 cup butter or coconut oil
1/2 cup finely chopped cooked bacon, fish, meat, or chicken
1/2 cup milk or coconut milk
2 tablespoons ground anise seed
Combine ingredients and mix well to create a soft dough. If you have a cookie press, experiment with different shapes and press cookies onto a parchment-covered cookie sheet. If you don’t have a cookie press, create balls and press them with the tines of a fork. Bake at 275°F (135°C) for 30 to 40 minutes or until light brown.
Pumpkin, Carrot, Coconut Anise Dog Biscuits
1-3/4 cup all-purpose flour (wheat, gluten-free, almond, or other)
1/2 cup canned pumpkin puree
2 tablespoons unsweetened peanut or nut butter
2 eggs
1 cup grated carrots
1 cup shredded dried unsweetened coconut
1 tablespoon ground anise seed
Combine ingredients, use a rolling pin to roll the dough 1/4 to 3/8 inch thick, and shape with cookie cutters. Bake at 350°F (177°C) for 30 to 35 minutes or until light brown.
Oatmeal Anise Dog Treats
3 cups rolled oats
1/2 cup unsweetened peanut or nut butter
1/2 cup applesauce, mashed banana, or pumpkin puree
1-1/2 tablespoons ground anise seed
Process the oats in a food processor or blender to create a coarse flour. Add the nut butter, fruit puree, and anise, blending well. Roll the dough to about 1/4 inch thick and cut with a cookie cutter or knife to desired shapes. Bake at 300°F (149°C) on a middle oven rack for 25 to 30 minutes until crisp.
Far from hiding, Dante regularly enjoys taking naps under the bed. Credit: Kim Campbell Thornton
If you’ve ever wondered “Why does my dog hide under the bed?” or “Why does my dog sleep under the bed?” there are a lot of potential reasons. They include a desire for security, a search for a cool spot, or a bid for attention.
For Dante, the area under the bed is a quiet place where he takes a nap. Jitter was afraid of fireworks and hid under the bed when she heard them. Momo goes under the bed because she knows it’s a surefire way to get attention from her owner. Star runs under the bed with contraband paper that she wants to tear up.
Why Do Dogs Sleep Under Beds?
For lots of dogs, under the bed is just a quiet, cozy place to nap or stay cool in summer’s heat. Heather Houlahan, who has a small farm in Pennsylvania, says she could tell what season it was by the location of her German Shepherd, Lilly:
Winter—on the bed
Spring/Fall—on the rug
Summer—under the bed, seeking coolness, possibly stuck
“Lilly used to slide under there and find herself in difficulties because a 75-pound dog cannot actually fit.”
Will a Dog Hide Under the Bed for Privacy?
Zippy, a Miniature Pinscher mix, was five months old when her family had to bug out from the Palisades fire in Los Angeles on January 7. She wasn’t fully housetrained, and stability went out the window as her people moved from hotels to rental houses until they could get settled again. Along the way, Zippy apparently decided that under the bed was an ideal place to poop.
“She likes her privacy, and she was tiny enough to stand up under the bed in one of our longer temporary lodgings,” says owner Susanne Howarth.
Howarth speculates that Zippy might have had trouble figuring out how to indicate that she wanted to go out. That particular rental was on the second floor with no immediate outdoor access and no nearby grass when she did get outside. That can be confusing for a puppy.
Will a Dog Hide Under the Bed Out of Fear?
For some dogs, slithering beneath the bed is a response to fear. Things that might scare dogs into hiding under the bed include:
Storms
Fireworks
Large trucks
Electronic beeping sounds
The sound of the doorbell
“You could name a thousand things,” says veterinary behaviorist Lisa Radosta, DVM, DACVB. “They might have been rescued from a hoarding situation where they like little dark places.”
And sometimes it’s a mystery. Jo Mercer had one dog who was too large to fit beneath the bed, but he would sometimes stick his face underneath it as far as he could. “I don’t know why,” she says. “Was he aggravating the cat? Sniffing out a mouse?”
What Should You Do if Your Dog Hangs Out Under the Bed?
If your dog is hiding under the bed, you may not need to do anything or you may need to take action. It depends on the reason. If your dog is hiding in response to noises such as fireworks or thunderstorms, Radosta recommends seeking veterinary advice sooner rather than later since studies show that noise fears can intensify over time. White noise machines, classical music, apps to alert you to approaching storms, a cozy hideaway in an enclosed windowless area such as a closet or bathroom, or in severe cases, medication, can all help. Dell found that a Thundershirt relaxed Jitter during fireworks.
Keep in mind that some dogs may hide when they are ill or in pain. If your dog suddenly starts hiding under the bed when they haven’t before, it may be time for a vet visit to make sure all is well.
However, if your dog simply enjoys lying under the bed, there’s nothing wrong with letting the quirk continue. Let it go unless there’s some risk to the dog.
If you find yourself dealing with a flea or tick infestation, finding the right flea and tick shampoo for your dog can make all the difference. Credit: Jae Thomas
Despite our best efforts, dogs sometimes end up with fleas and ticks. If your dog has an active flea or tick infestation, knowing what steps to take to get rid of the pests will make the whole ordeal less stressful for you both.
Choosing the best flea and tick shampoo for dogs will depend on your dog, whether you have other pets in the home, and your vet’s recommendation.
What To Do if Your Dog Has Fleas
If your dog is dealing with an active flea infestation, Dr. Sarah Wooten, DVM, CVJ, recommends a multi-tiered approach to rid your dog and your home of fleas.
“Treat your dog with a fast-acting flea product recommended by your veterinarian,” she says. “Wash bedding and soft furnishings in hot water, vacuum carpets and furniture daily for at least a week, and treat the home and yard if needed.”
Flea shampoos can be used during active flea infestations. Though flea & tick shampoos are effective, Dr. Wooten says that “ideally shampoos should be used as an emergency measure.” She doesn’t recommend using shampoos as the only form of flea and tick control for pets.
Dr. Wooten says that flea and tick shampoos can be used alongside flea and tick preventatives, but that pet parents should be sure to check the labels of both products and ask their veterinarians before using them together.
“Shampoos can strip oils from the coat and temporarily reduce the effectiveness of topical preventives,” she says.
Traits We Want in Flea & Tick Shampoo for Dogs
Active ingredients: Dog flea and tick shampoos work through a few different types of active ingredients: pyrethrins (insecticides), insect growth regulators, or essential oils.
“Look for shampoos that contain pyrethrins or permethrin for dogs, or insect growth regulators like methoprene,” Dr. Wooten says. “These kill adult fleas and help break the life cycle.”
Dr. Wooten recommends pyrethrin and permethrin shampoos for active infestations over essential oil shampoos. “Pyrethrin and permethrin shampoos are more effective and have been tested for safety in dogs when used correctly,” she says. “Essential oil shampoos may repel fleas but are far less effective and some oils can be irritating or toxic. Always check labels to ensure the product is safe for dogs.”
Dog vs. cat safe: Households with both dogs and cats should be aware that some dog flea and tick shampoo ingredients are toxic to cats. Namely, options with permethrin should be avoided for cat households. Always talk to your vet about flea shampoos before choosing the one that’s best for your pets, even if the label says that it’s safe for both dogs and cats.
How To Prevent Fleas and Ticks on Your Dog
“Year-round flea and tick prevention prescribed by your veterinarian is the most reliable way to prevent infestations,” says Dr. Wooten. “Combine that with regular vacuuming, washing pet bedding, and keeping the environment clean.”
Dr. Wooten also says that “Every pet in the household should be on prevention.”
That includes cats if you live in a multi-species household! Ensure you only give preventative flea and tick treatments developed for dogs to dogs, and preventative medication meant for cats to cats. Many flea and tick prevention medications can be toxic when given to different species.
One of Dr. Wooten’s top picks for flea & tick shampoos, this option contains pyrethrins which kill bugs on contact, as well as S-Methoprene, an insect growth regulator that stops young fleas and other pests from growing into adults and reproducing.
Advantage Flea & Tick Treatment Shampoo is one of the few unscented options on this list, which is great for dogs sensitive to strong smells. However, despite having insecticides, it doesn’t contain any IGR ingredients.
The Biogroom Flea & Tick Shampoo has lower concentrations of its active pest control ingredients than other options on this list. It also contains coconut oil, protein, and lanolin that make for a soft, moisturized coat.
If your vet recommends a more natural flea and tick shampoo for your dog, Wondercide is a popular option with peppermint and cedarwood oils as the main active ingredients.
Vet’s Best Hypo-Allergenic Dog Shampoo isn’t a flea & tick-specific shampoo, but it can be used to remove fleas on dogs with sensitive skin in conjunction with other flea & tick control treatments.
Best Flea & Tick Shampoo for Dogs: Adams Plus Flea & Tick Shampoo with Precor
Adams Plus Flea & Tick Shampoo with Precor contains both insecticides and insect growth regulators. It needs to be properly diluted before use but isn’t too hard on dogs’ coats. Credit: Jae Thomas
Dr. Wooten recommends that pet parents opt for veterinary-approved flea and tick shampoos, like Adams Plus Flea & Tick Shampoo with Precor. This concentrated shampoo contains Pyrethrins, which kill live fleas and ticks on contact, as well as S-Methoprene, an insect growth regulator.
Insect growth regulators, or IGRs, are chemicals that prevent larvae from developing into reproductive adults, therefore stopping a flea infestation in its tracks.
Note that it’s recommended to use 1 1/3 teaspoons of this shampoo per 5 pounds of body weight, so it’s quite concentrated. Measuring out the shampoo before using it is key to ensure you don’t expose your pet to high levels of insecticides.
During testing, I discovered that this shampoo is also thicker than other options on this list. This makes it a good option for diluting in a dilution bottle with water to more evenly distribute it over your dog’s coat. Because it’s both thick and highly concentrated, it’s easy to use too much at once without noticing.
While testing, this shampoo left my dog’s coats feeling fairly soft and has a fresh, soapy scent.
Best Unscented Flea & Tick Shampoo: Advantage Flea & Tick Treatment Shampoo for Dogs & Puppies
Many flea and tick shampoos (especially those with essential oils as active ingredients) smell very strong, which can be off-putting for many dogs. If your dog is sensitive to certain scents, Advantage Flea & Tick Treatment Shampoo for Dogs & Puppies is a solid unscented flea & tick shampoo option.
Though this shampoo is mild and unscented and has a similar concentration of pyrethrins as the Adams Plus shampoo, we wish it contained an IGR ingredient to help stop infestations from recurring.
This shampoo is thinner and more watery than other options on this list, so it’s a little bit easier to distribute over your dog’s coat and lather up. It left my tester dogs’ coats feeling a little bit dry during testing, so it may not be great for dogs with dry skin/coat.
Best Moisturizing Flea & Tick Shampoo: Biogroom Flea & Tick Shampoo for Dogs
Biogroom Flea & Tick Shampoo has a slightly lower concentration of active insecticides than other products we tested. It also left the tester dogs’ coats feeling the best. Credit: Jae Thomas
The Biogroom Flea & Tick Shampoo for Dogs contains slightly lower concentrations of its active insecticide ingredients than other options on this list, making it a good option for dogs who may be sensitive to these ingredients.
It can also be diluted with one part shampoo to four parts water, which I love, as it’s easier to evenly distribute diluted shampoo over a dog’s coat. Just grab a dilution bottle before use, and you’ll be good to go.
During testing, this shampoo left my tester dogs’ coats feeling the best after use. The protein, lanolin, and coconut oil in this option didn’t leave their coats or skin feeling dried out, and the scent was pleasant without being too overwhelming.
Best Natural Flea & Tick Shampoo: Wondercide Natural Flea & Tick Dog and Cat Shampoo
Wondercide’s Flea & Tick shampoo is a good choice for those looking for a more natural flea and tick shampoo for dogs. Credit: Jae Thomas
If you decide (under the guidance of your vet) to use a natural or essential oil-based flea and tick shampoo, Wondercide is a popular option. Wondercide Natural Flea & Tick Dog and Cat Shampoo works with peppermint and cedarwood oils as the active ingredients. It’s recommended for dogs and cats 4 months of age and over and should be used once per week as needed.
For pet owners who use other Wondercide flea & tick products like home and yard sprays, the brand’s flea and tick shampoo can be safely used at the same time.
Where many flea & tick shampoos tend to be drying to the coat and skin, during testing, Wondercide’s shampoo made my dog’s coats feel soft.
Though I didn’t find the essential oil scents to be overpowering, if your dog is sensitive to strong smells, they may not love this peppermint-scented option. During testing, this shampoo didn’t lather up as well as other options on this list, so it was hard to tell if it was evenly distributed.
Though this isn’t specifically a flea and tick shampoo, Dr. Wooten recommends Vet’s Best Hypo-Allergenic Dog Shampoo for certain dogs when dealing with active flea or tick infestations.
“For sensitive dogs, gentle cleansing shampoos without insecticides can help wash fleas away but won’t provide lasting control,” she says. “A gentle cleansing shampoo like Vet’s Best Hypo-Allergenic Dog Shampoo can be used alongside preventives.”
During testing, this shampoo left my Rough Collie’s long coat feeling soft and conditioned, even without the use of additional conditioner.
This gentle shampoo doesn’t contain any insecticide ingredients, so won’t immediately kill fleas or ticks. However, it can help wash them away. If your dog has ticks and you opt for this shampoo, consider using a tick key or tweezers to carefully remove the tick.
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