Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol used as a low-calorie sweetener and humectant in human and pet products. While sorbitol is generally recognized as safe for people and not considered toxic to dogs, excessive amounts can still cause issues for dogs.
Sorbitol Is Not Xylitol
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is extremely toxic to dogs, even in small amounts. Xylitol triggers a rapid insulin release in dogs, leading to life-threatening hypoglycemia and, in some cases, liver failure. Always read labels to check for xylitol, which may also be listed under other names like birch sugar.
Sorbitol, on the other hand, does not cause that same dangerous spike in insulin. For this reason, it is not considered toxic to dogs and does not trigger the same kind of medical emergencies that xylitol does. Small amounts of sorbitol are sometimes used in canine dental products like toothpaste, where it helps create a palatable, gel-like texture.
Dogs Can Have Sorbitol in Moderation
Sorbitol is derived from fruits and vegetables. It is valued for its ability to add sweetness without spiking blood sugar levels and for keeping moisture in products like baked goods. In humans, it is considered safe in moderate amounts, though it may cause gastrointestinal upset if consumed in large quantities due to its laxative effect. But dogs are not small humans, so it is important to evaluate sorbitol based on how it impacts them specifically.
That said, while sorbitol is not considered toxic to dogs, excessive amounts can still cause issues for them. In large quantities, sorbitol can cause digestive upset for dogs, and they may experience bloating, gas, loose stools, or diarrhea. These symptoms are usually not life-threatening but can be both uncomfortable and unpleasant for the dog and the owner. Dogs with sensitive stomachs or pre-existing digestive issues may be more prone to these side effects.
Sorbitol can also be found in some canine medications and chews where it serves a functional role, such as binding tablets or improving taste. In these cases, the amount used is typically very low and unlikely to cause any digestive upset. As with any additive, the context and dose matter, as the saying goes, “The dose makes the poison.” A dog licking a small amount of sorbitol-based toothpaste during brushing is unlikely to experience any digestive upset whereas a dog that snarfs down a bag of sugar-free candies sweetened with sorbitol should expect some gastrointestinal discomfort for a day or two.
Sorbitol Is Not “Bad” for Dogs
Ultimately, sorbitol is not considered bad or dangerous for dogs, however it is also not an ingredient that dogs need or that they benefit from nutritionally. If a product containing sorbitol is specifically formulated for dogs, such as a toothpaste or medication, it is safe when used as directed. However, pet owners should be cautious about giving dogs human products that contain sorbitol, especially in large quantities or on a regular basis.
When in doubt, it is best to stick to dog-specific products and avoid giving your dog anything labeled as “sugar-free” unless you have confirmed that it does not contain xylitol or other harmful ingredients. If your dog has consumed a product containing sorbitol and is showing signs of stomach upset, a sensitive stomach diet and plenty of water are usually enough to help them recover, however contacting your vet is always a good idea should symptoms persist.
