Can Dogs Get Headaches?

Health

By

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January 15, 2026

Do dogs get headaches? We don't know for sure, but science suggests that they can. — Since dogs can’t tell us what hurts, it can be difficult to determine where exactly their pain is coming from. Credit: dohlongma - HL Mak| Getty Images

Most of us have experienced a headache at some point in our lives. In fact, more than 50 percent of people worldwide have some form of headache disorder. But what about our dogs? Can dogs get headaches?

There’s very little known about headaches in animals, and that goes for our dogs too. Because animals are nonverbal, we need to rely on outward signs to tell us if a dog might have a headache or if there is some other medical problem. The only true research on headaches in dogs dates back to 2013, in a study done at the Royal Veterinary College Small Animal Referral Hospital in Great Britain.

The 2013 Study of Dog Headaches

The 2013 study focused on a 5-year-old female Cocker Spaniel who presented with a long history of sudden, recurring episodes of vocalization (whining, whimpering, barking) and apparent fear. Just before the vocalizations began, the dog would appear fearful, quiet, and would hide under furniture; once she started whimpering in apparent pain, she would hold her head low, become sensitive to light and sound, and refuse to eat or drink. After each episode, she would remain quiet for 1–2 days and then return to an apparently normal condition.

Eventually, veterinarians came to suspect a migraine-like disorder and prescribed the drug topiramate, first approved in 1996 as an anticonvulsant, but later found to be effective in treating migraines. The dog showed marked improvement in both symptoms and duration. In the end, the study authors had to admit that “To [our] knowledge . . . the current review of literature does not confirm the existence of migraines in dogs. The dog presented here has shown a combination of unusual clinical signs, which could be suggestive of a migraine or another severe headache disorder.”

Research and Veterinary Insights On Headaches in Dogs

Since that 2013 study, scientific research on canine headaches has been essentially nonexistent. While there have been some studies on headaches in laboratory animals such as mice and rats, those animal models don’t compare well to canines, simply because of the significant physiological and genetic differences between the species.

The majority of post-2013 research on head pain in dogs focuses on secondary headaches: that is, pain that’s a symptom of an underlying condition. This is where the diagnostic challenge lies, notwithstanding innovations in the tools veterinarians can use to quantify and classify pain. The fact remains that headaches fall into the category of difficult-to-diagnose pain. Despite this, science and insights from veterinarians suggest that dogs might indeed suffer from headaches.

Causes of Possible Headaches in Dogs

Dehydration and Heat

We humans can get headaches while outside in hot weather and as a result of dehydration. The presumption is that the same could be true of dogs. Both dehydration and heat can cause the brain to shrink in volume, which causes pain: lack of fluids reduces brain volume and can even damage the brain cells directly. Dehydration and overheating can also affect cognitive function such as alertness and memory.

Dental Issues

As with humans, dogs can develop dental problems, which can create pain in the jaw and head.

Ear and Sinus Infections

Ear or sinus infections can lead to pain and pressure that may be similar to headaches.

Head Trauma

Blunt force injury to a dog’s head—falling, being hit by something hard, a car accident—could cause a concussion or, in the worst case, traumatic brain injury. Any kind of head injury, even if it’s asymptomatic, calls for immediate veterinary care.

Allergies

Allergic reactions to everything from dust and mold to food to medications have the potential to cause headaches.

Neurological Disorders

Conditions affecting the brain, such as tumors, infections like meningitis or encephalitis, neuropathy, or stroke, can result in symptoms similar to headaches.

Signs of Possible Headaches in Dogs

Humans and dogs share many of the same health disorders and often the signs are similar. However, while we humans can verbalize where our pain is located, to determine the locus of a dog’s pain in the absence of an obvious injury like a broken leg or condition such as arthritis, veterinarians need to rely on observing the dog’s behavior and ruling out underlying causes. Caregivers can play an important role in this, since they are most familiar with the dog’s behavior and will know when something isn’t right.

Symptoms of possible headaches in dogs include:

Seeking out dark, quiet spaces
Loss of appetite
No interest in playing or interacting
Glassy or slitted eyes
Pressing their head against a wall or other solid object
Sensitivity to light and/or sound
Lethargy
Vocalization (whining, moaning, whimpering)
Irritability

The difficulty arises in that along with being ambiguous, these symptoms aren’t necessarily specific to headaches. Rather, they could be the result of a multitude of other conditions. If a dog is exhibiting any of these signs, it’s safe to assume they’re not feeling well, which may or may not include having a headache.

While the 2013 case remains the standard for the prospect of migraines in dogs, subsequent investigation strongly supports the likelihood of dogs experiencing head pain. This has had three major outcomes: it has validated the similarities in canine and human neurology; it has encouraged the development of better measures to recognize subtle, chronic, and neuropathic pain signs (including headache-like behaviors) in dogs; and it has led to the identification and treatment of specific neurological and structural pain in different dog breeds.

Treating Possible Headaches in Dogs

If you suspect your dog is having headaches, the first step is to consult your veterinarian in order to rule out any underlying condition. Secondly, never give your dog human pain medications like aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, naproxen, and other human NSAIDs, which can be toxic and even lethal to dogs. Finally, if your vet prescribes a pain medication—the most common include gabapentin, carprofen, and meloxicam—be sure to strictly follow the dosing instructions.

Don’t disregard things that you can do to make your dog more comfortable like providing a soft bed in a cool, darkened, quiet spot, and making sure there’s plenty of fresh water nearby. Most dog headaches—like our humans ones—seem to resolve on their own, so simply give your pooch time to recover.

In the end, we can only hope that researchers will start focusing more on head pain in dogs and that eventually they’ll be able to provide a definitive answer to the question, “Do dogs get headaches?”

Shedding Showdown: A Trial of Deshedding Shampoos for Dogs

By

Dr. Mary Cope, PhD

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January 14, 2026

6

Dog deshedding shampoos are advertised as removing excess dog hair, but how do they work when put to the test. — The test participants, from left, Piper, Flick, Samson, and Merlin. Participants were compensated for their participation in this at-home test with cuddles and treats. Courtesy of Dr. Mary Cope.

If you have ever finished vacuuming only to turn around to find tumbleweeds of dog hair rolling across the floor an hour later, you are not alone. Managing shedding is one of the biggest grooming challenges for pet parents, and I am there in the trenches with you.

Having one dog that sheds, let alone four, especially those with thick under coats, can feel like a never-ending battle with dog hair on clothes, furniture, and floors. While it is impossible to stop shedding completely for most dogs, using an anti-shedding shampoo can help manage the problem and promote a healthier coat.

What Does An Anti-Shedding Shampoo Do?

One of the main functions of anti-shed shampoos is targeting skin and coat health. These shampoos often contain ingredients like omega fatty acids, vitamin E, biotin, and natural moisturizers such as aloe vera or oatmeal. These ingredients help support the skin barrier, help moisturize dry skin, and keep hair follicles healthy so your pet’s fur stays anchored for longer.

These shampoos also use cleansers that remove dirt, dander, buildup, and help loosen dead hair without stripping the coat of its essential oils. Regular use can help loosen the undercoat during seasonal shedding, allowing dead hair to wash out more easily to prevent impacted or matted coats, and providing room for the new hair growing in.

Our Trial of Anti-Shedding Shampoos

With pet store shelves full of “shed-control” shampoos making big promises, I set out to test and compare six of the formulas on the market. These shampoos were tested out on my dogs, three smooth Collies and a smooth Collie mix. Smooth Collies have not only a thick undercoat, but they also have sensitive skin and can react to harsher formulas.

Over the course of several months, I tried each shampoo out on the dogs to assess:

The shampoo’s ability to clean the coat
How much undercoat it removed during the bath
How the shampoo left the coat feeling after their bath
How the dog’s skin reacted to each formula

From luxury imports to affordable everyday picks, here is how they stacked up:

The Best Overall Deshedding Shampoo for Dogs

Douxo Skin & Coat SPA Ultra-Safe Shed Control Dog Shampoo

Price: $22.98 for 16fl oz ($1.44/fl oz)

Made in France

★ Would buy again

Douxo earns its reputation as a top veterinary-recommended brand with this ultra-safe, hypoallergenic, spa-inspired shampoo. This formula’s blend of omega-3 fatty acids, provitamin B5, and vitamin E nourishes both skin and coat while keeping things simple with no harsh chemicals or sulfates. Its soft coco-vanilla scent is not overpowering while still providing a boost of freshness.

This is one of the few products gentle enough for dogs with sensitive skin and is one that did not cause any issues on even my most sensitive boy. After just one wash, my dog’s coats felt clean, soft, and it did loosen a lot of undercoat, leaving their coats feeling light. This is a brand I will always keep on hand for bath days, especially for my dogs who struggle with hot spots and dermatitis.

Pros: Reliable brand that is effective and safe for sensitive skin

Cons: Slightly pricier than other options

Most Luxurious Anti-Shedding Shampoo

Isle of Dogs Coature No. 20 Royal Jelly Dog Shampoo

Price: $25.99 for 250ml ($3.08/fl oz)

Made in the USA

Marketed as a high-end grooming solution, this shampoo packs in royal jelly and evening primrose oil to help encourage new hair growth, repair damage, and boost coat volume. The scent is salon-worthy, and the formula claims to encourage a thicker, voluminous coat. While not specifically an anti-shed formula, they tout the benefits of the royal jelly to help reduce shedding.

However, this shampoo was the most expensive, and I found it to be the harshest in the group. With sodium laureth sulfate and other strong preservative ingredients, it was not a good match for my dogs with more sensitive skin. I did not feel as though this shampoo left my dog’s coats feeling as lightweight and clean as the other shampoos on the list. Because of these factors, this is not a shampoo I plan to splurge on again.

Pros: Beautiful scent and contains royal jelly extract

Cons: Not gentle enough for my sensitive-skinned pups and a pricey option

Best Deshedding Shampoo Budget Buy

Shed-X Shed Control Shampoo for Dogs

Price: $12.99 for 16 fl oz ($0.81/fl oz)

Made in USA

★Would buy again

Shed-X is proof that you do not need to spend a fortune for great results. Its formula is a powerhouse blend of omega fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins A, D, and E, designed to strengthen fur, nourish skin, and minimize shedding. Alpha hydroxy acids help to gently exfoliate skin while panthenol strengthens each hair strand.

The pomelo fragrance left my dogs smelling fresh, clean, and citrusy, a scent that lingered for days without being overpowering. This shampoo left my dogs feeling clean, with lightweight, silky, soft coats. While lots of undercoat came out during the bath, it also helped loosen hair that came out after they dried, something I attribute to the skin exfoliation. This is a shampoo I will likely keep stocked in my cabinet thanks to its fresh scent, effectiveness, and price.

Pros: Fantastic value with results that last and less costly

Cons: Contains dyes and fragrance, although it did not cause any issues in my own dogs

Most Natural – Great for Scent-Sensitive Households

Burt’s Bees Shed Control Dog Shampoo

Price: $9.99 for 16 fl.oz. ($0.62/fl oz)

Made in USA

Burt’s Bees stays true to its roots with this 99.7% natural formula made from linseed oil and vitamin E to strengthen hair and reduce breakage. It is pH balanced for dogs, cruelty-free, and free of sulfates, colorants, and artificial fragrances.

This shampoo does not deliver a dramatic “wow” moment, but it is dependably gentle and perfect for pups and owners who cannot tolerate strong scents. Think if it as the oatmeal soap of dog shampoos, humble but it does the job well. It did work to loosen some undercoat during the bath, but the dogs needed to be brushed after they dried. This shampoo cleaned my dog’s coats well, but I personally prefer a shampoo with fragrance to help keep my dogs smelling fresh.

Pros: Naturally soothing and safe for sensitive skin

Cons: Fragrance-free means no fresh scent

Best Deep Clean Shampoo for Double Coats

TropiClean PerfectFur Thick Double Coat Shed Reducing Dog Shampoo

Price: $15.99 for 16 fl oz ($1.00/fl oz)

Made in USA

★Would buy again

If you own a Husky, Shepherd, or Golden Retriever, this one is for you. TropiClean PerfectFur is crafted for thick, double-coated breeds and uses natural extracts like plum, ginger, and lavender to clean deep and loosen undercoat.

But what really sets this shampoo apart? The scent. Fresh, topical, and long-lasting, it left my dogs smelling like they just came back from a seaside spa. The formula rinses easily, helps manage shedding, and even helps the coat dry quickly, a small miracle for dogs with dense fur. This shampoo quickly became a favorite and has a permanent home in my grooming cabinet, especially when my dogs are blowing their coats!

Pros: Incredible scent, thorough clean, and great undercoat control

Cons: Fragrance may be strong for owners who prefer mild scents

Best Balance for Skin & Coat with Botanical Fragrance

Earthbath Shed Control Green Tea & Awapuhi Dog & Cat Shampoo

Price: $17.99 for 16 fl oz ($1.12/fl oz)

Made in USA

For eco-conscious pet parents, Earthbath’s formula strikes the perfect balance between natural ingredients and performance. With green tea, awapuhi, shea butter, and aloe vera, it soothes and nourishes skin while also helping reduce shedding and dander. It is plant-based, cruelty-free, and free of parabens, sulfates, dyes, and phthalates.

The scent of this shampoo is very herbal, reflecting its natural ingredients, and it leaves the coat feeling soft and hydrated. I do feel like this shampoo worked well to remove loose hair and resulted in clean, fresh smelling dogs.

Pros: All natural ingredients

Cons: The natural, herbal fragrance may not appeal to everyone

The Bottom Line on Deshedding Shampoos for Dogs

Regardless of the shampoo you use, a bath will help remove loose coat on your shedding dog. For all the shampoos, a brushing after my dogs had fully dried was necessary to remove remaining loose hair.

While each product offered a somewhat unique feature, our top three favorites are:

Douxo Skin & Coat SPA Ultra-Safe Shed Control Dog Shampoo
Shed-X Shed Control Shampoo for Dogs
TropiClean PerfectFur Thick Double Coat Shed Reducing Dog Shampoo

While anti-shedding shampoos will not stop shedding, which is a natural part of hair growth in dogs, they can make a difference in coat health and household cleanliness. When combined with proper grooming habits, these shampoos are an effective part of a well-rounded approach to managing your dog’s shedding naturally and safely.

Relationship-Based Dog Training

Training

By

Mary Schwager

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January 12, 2026

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Relationship based dog training builds trust so your dog wants to be with you, and listen to you. — Relationship-based dog training focuses on building trust and understanding between dogs and their humans. Credit: Julia Suhareva | Getty Images

What’s the key to happiness for you and your dog? Having a good relationship.

That’s why experts say relationship-based dog training can set you and your pooch up for success and help create a loving, trusting, and respectful connection.

“Relationship-based dog training isn’t just about obedience, it really honors the idea that dogs are living beings with individual personalities,” says Loren Barry, a certified trainer (CPDT-KA) with Taurus Academy in Austin, Texas.

So, what exactly is relationship-based dog training? How do you get started?

What is Relationship-Based Dog Training?

Relationship-based dog training incorporates fear-free and positive-reinforcement training principles revolving around positive communication, empathy, and a roadmap that benefits both ends of the leash. The goal is to set the dog up to be “right” so they can be rewarded for learning what to do, rather what not to do.

“We used to have traditional training where we were the dominant ones, the smart ones, the ones in control,” says Karen Deeds, a certified dog behavior consultant (CDBC–IAABC) and co-owner of Canine Connection.

says. “But what we’re realizing is that dogs are pretty darn smart, and they have feelings too. We’re finding that dogs actually do have a lot of the same emotions that we do.”

This all may sound new-agey, or like an attempt to humanize dogs, and some may worry we’re entering an era of poor dog parenting. But it’s really about mutual respect, clear communication, and learning to read one another.

“It’s showing kindness to your dog, and letting them know there are rules, there are expectations, but you want the dog to feel good, and you want to feel good,” Deeds says. “It’s not saying let’s forego training, but it’s doing it in a way that you are building a positive relationship with your dog.”

Relationship-Based Dog Training: How To Get Started

How do you get relationship-based dog training started?

First, consult a pro. Consider working with a certified positive reinforcement, fear-free trainer. You may think you already know enough, perhaps from other dogs you’ve had, watching videos, or television shows. However, since dog training is constantly evolving and few dog trainers agree on everything (which is something they do agree on), you may learn something new and helpful by getting professional advice.

I have hired many trainers for different dogs over the last two decades and am constantly amazed by the insights they’ve offered.

Next, assess your dog and your relationship with your dog.

It’s like dating. You do things together, you get to know one another, and soon you know their hopes, dreams, and fears.

Does your dog hope you’ll give them a treat? Do they fear the moment a firecracker goes off? Are they an extrovert? Or do they hide when they must meet someone new? What situations make them tense?

Consider other factors about your dog, like breed(s), age, energy level, and medical concerns.

Once you have a good understanding of your dog and their needs, customize your training plan not only to train your dog and improve their behavior, but also to work on your relationship.

“It really does come down to the individual dog and the individual human, that’s ‘the team,’” Barry says. “My role as a trainer is to create training plans that support what their life is going to look like at home.”

Then make training fun so your dog enjoys it. Instead of obeying out of fear, your dog receives rewards, praise, and yummy things to eat when they do well. The result is your dog wants to do as you ask, and they end up thinking you’re pretty darn cool.

It’s similar to your boss coming to you at the end of each day and telling you how wonderful you are for what you’ve done well that day and adorning you with roses and chocolate—you’d start to form a pretty positive relationship, and you’d probably even work harder to do a good job.

Relationship-based dog training also entails looking at training from your pup’s perspective.

“We want to make sure we are teaching dogs so they are comfortable,” Barry says. “We don’t want to put them in positions they are not emotionally equipped for or ask them to do things they don’t enjoy or don’t understand.”

All dog training, including relationship-based dog training, is a lifelong, ongoing process; it’s not: “We’ve done 10 training sessions. My dog has their certificate, they know sit, stay, and down—and we’re done.”

Even highly trained service dogs’ skills can fade if their human doesn’t continue their training and behavioral conditioning.

“It’s like, ‘How can we navigate the world for the next 15 years together?’ Clear expectations and structure for dogs, just like with children, can actually create less anxiety, more comfort, and more confidence,” Deeds says. “There’s predictability, ‘This is when I eat. This is when I go outside. This is when I get to lie with mom on the couch,’ those kinds of things.”

That structure allows your dog to feel comfortable and to feel like that responsibility isn’t on them anymore.

Relationship Building Games and Dog Training

Relationship-based dog training is more cerebral than “Sit, and you’ll get a treat.” It’s about engaging your dog’s mind and encouraging problem-solving, which will likely make them more motivated.

“Anything we can do that is play-based really shows relationship-centered training, because play is just fun,” Barry says. “It’s so connecting, and it just takes you to another space with your dog. Utilizing games helps us bond by doing things together.”

Here are just a few game ideas:

Treat Hide and Seek

This is a game you can play both indoors and outdoors with your dog, and there are all sorts of variations.

“Take cardboard boxes, bowls, paper plates, and put treats in them, even make little piles of their food, and hide them all through your house or in your yard,” Deeds says. “You have to teach them the concept of finding it or show them a couple of places you’ve hidden treats to start.”

A dog learns so much about the world through their sense of smell, and this game helps incorporate nosework.

“When a dog utilizes their nose, it stimulates their brain,” Deeds says. “When we have a dog that sniffs for food, it makes them more thoughtful and confident.”

Chase Me and Follow Me

Chase me and follow me are focus-and-engagement games that require a bit more coordination on the human side.

As you’re walking your dog on a leash, take a few steps and then give your dog a treat or drop one for them to eat.

Then change the game and walk in a new direction while you keep giving treats. Continue doing this in unpredictable movements.

Another variation is to run backward and have your dog chase you while you give them treats and make eye contact. These quick games help hone your dog’s attention to you.

Ping-Pong

Ping-pong is a game that requires two or more players.

Someone says your dog’s name and gives them a cookie.

Then someone else calls your dog’s name or says, “come,” and when they move toward that person, your dog gets another treat.

Meantime, make sure there’s tremendous enthusiasm in the crowd, with people cheering and making happy noises to help create a positive atmosphere.

You keep this going, pinging and ponging between people in the group.

There are many other games out there that both you and your dog can benefit from.

Building Your Bond with Relationship-Based Dog Training

With relationship-based dog training, your goal is to be just like that (clearly imaginary) boss who gives you roses every day. If you’re the leading provider of positive feedback, joy, and excitement for your dog, there’s no doubt you’ll be their best friend.

While there are all sorts of theories and schools of thought in the dog training world, relationship-based dog training seems to be gaining traction because, at the end of the day, don’t we all want a good relationship?

“Training, at its core, should be about building bonds and just having fun with your dog,” Deeds says. “I think focusing on how everyone’s feeling really does that.”

Dog Swollen Eye? Call Your Vet

By

Kate Basedow, LVT

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January 8, 2026

0

A dog's swollen eye can be painful until it is treated. — Red inflamed skin and swelling around your dog’s eye could indicate blepharitis, which is painful for your dog. Credit: Ирина Мещерякова | Getty Images

If your dog has a swollen eye, you should make a veterinary appointment promptly. These issues are usually not an emergency, but eye problems can progress quickly without proper treatment.

Dog Swollen Eye Home Treatment

The things you can do at home to provide your dog relief while you wait for a vet appointment include:

Apply a warm compress to the swollen eye. This should be warm, not hot. Applying heat is soothing and encourages circulation to decrease swelling.
Flush with plain artificial tears. Lubricating the eye can provide pain relief and may dislodge any foreign material that is causing irritation.
Consider giving Benadryl. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can help relieve itchiness and discomfort due to allergies. This is most appropriate if your dog has a history of environmental or food allergies, both eyes are swollen, or if your dog also has itchy feet and/or ears. Your veterinarian can tell you a safe dose for your dog.

Remember, though, eye problems can accelerate and become bad quickly and permanent eye damage is possible. Don’t skip the vet visit. Get your dog in as soon as possible.

What Is Blepharitis in Dogs?

Blepharitis means inflammation of the eyelids. It is uncomfortable, so your dog will probably show some behavioral changes as well as swelling and redness around the eye.

Symptoms include:

Swelling of the eyelids and around the eye
Excessive blinking
Squinting
Rubbing at the eye(s)
Reddened skin around the eye(s)
Hair loss around the eye(s)
Redness in the sclera, or white part of the eye
Pigment changes in the skin around the eye(s)
Discharge from one or both eyes
Pain

When your dog rubs or paws at his painful eye, he could accidentally damage the inflamed skin or even the eye itself. These scratches can lead to sores around the eye or infected ulcers on the surface of the cornea.

Why Does My Dog Have a Swollen Eye?

Many things can cause blepharitis. Possible causes include:

Trauma to the eye
Chalazion, a mass-like inflammation of the meibomian glands in the eyelid
Allergies
Entropion (folding in of the eyelid, causing eyelashes to rub against the eye or grow abnormally)
Bacterial infection
Parasitic infection such as demodectic mange or sarcoptic mange
Viral infection, including papillomavirus
Tumor on the eyelid such as meibomian gland adenoma, melanoma, or squamous cell carcinoma
Immune disorders such as pemphigus or lupus
Zinc-responsive dermatitis
Metabolic disorders such as hypothyroidism, diabetes, or Cushings disease

Sometimes we don’t know why a dog develops a swollen eye. Brachycephalic dogs and other breeds with facial folds have an increased risk of blepharitis, and certain breeds have increased risk for health conditions that can lead to it. Breeds with an increased risk of developing blepharitis include the Shih Tzu, Pekingese, English Bulldog, Lhasa Apso, Pug, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, West Highland White Terrier, Siberian Husky, Akita, German Shepherd Dog, Poodles, Chinese Shar Pei, Chow Chow, Rottweiler, and Collies. That said, any breed or mix can experience this issue.

Getting a Diagnosis for a Dog’s Eye Problem

Your veterinarian will need to know when you first noticed the swelling around your dog’s eye as well as any other symptoms or changes in your dog’s life and routines. After a thorough exam, the vet will recommend next steps based on what he or she thinks may be causing irritation.

Diagnostics might include a Schirmer tear test, bloodwork, swabbing the eye for a bacterial culture, testing for viral disease, or biopsy.

Treating a Swollen Eye

The exact treatment will depend on why your dog’s eye is swollen.

Your dog may receive topical eye drops or ointment to relieve pain in the eye or treat a bacterial infection. Many tumors and masses can be removed surgically, as can entropion. Parasites are treated with appropriate preventive medication. Zinc responsive dermatitis is treated with diet changes.

Allergies, immune disorders, and metabolic disorders generally require lifelong management. Once the underlying problem has been addressed, your dog’s swollen eye should resolve.

10 Tips for Dogs on Prednisone

By

Dr. Debra M. Eldredge, DVM

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January 6, 2026

1

Tips for dogs on prednisone can keep dogs on this steroid safe from the side effects and enjoying the benefits. — Itchy dogs roll to ease the, well, itch! But if he scratches so much that he damages skin, prednisone may help. Credit: Eric Lowenbach | Getty Images

Depending on the day, prednisone for dogs can be a miracle drug or a nightmare. Prednisone is a corticosteroid, often prescribed for things like allergies or auto-immune diseases. It works quickly, with results often noticed within a few hours of administration.

If your dog is prescribed prednisone, it’s important that you understand what prednisone does and its potential for side effects in dogs:

Prednisone is an immunosuppressant. That means it reduces inflammation (so, helpful for allergies) and acts to quieten down overactive immune responses seen in problems like pemphigus.
Prednisone will stimulate your dog’s appetite. Your previously saintly dog will now be stealing food off the counters and the table, possibly even right before your eyes. Store food safely and help your dog’s voracious appetite out with low calorie treats like plain canned pumpkin, baby carrots, or green beans.
Prednisone will make your dog drink more. You will need to really stay on top of his water bowl(s) or you may find him guzzling from the toilet. As always, wash bowls and change water at least once daily.
Prednisone will make your dog pee more (see #3). Not only will the amounts of urine increase, but so will the frequency of urination. Be alert to letting your dog out more, doing extra walks or placing some pee pads strategically around the house.
Your dog has less protection against pathogens. This is related to the immunosuppressant abilities of prednisone. You may want to skip day care, grooming, and dog events to avoid any illnesses that may be going around.
Talk to your veterinarian if the side effects are bad. Not all dogs will show dramatic side effects, especially if your dog needs to be on prednisone long term. Your dog may pant more or seem restless. Dogs with Addison’s disease, for example, will be on a corticosteroid for life. Discuss your concerns with your veterinarian. For many conditions, the dose can be adjusted to keep any side effects to a minimum.
Prednisone can be used short-term. Dogs being treated with prednisone for inflammatory conditions such as allergies may only need prednisone seasonally or may be weaned off prednisone as other treatments take effect. Short-term use of prednisone can help your dog while other treatments gear up such as a diet change for a dog with irritable bowel disease (IBD).
Dogs receiving prednisone are at some risk for gastric upsets and ulcers. Prednisone should not be combined with most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories unless you are under close veterinary guidance. Always give prednisone with food. Report diarrhea and/or vomiting to your veterinarian.
Be aware of behavior changes. While on prednisone, some dogs will act restless or may even be a bit aggressive. Others act mopey and lethargic. The changes can vary with the individual.
Encourage exercise. Long term use may lead to loss of muscle tone. Keep your dog active, but you may need to keep the level moderate.

Prednisone can be essential for a dog with Addison’s disease and can greatly improve the quality of life for dogs with allergies, arthritis, or some immune diseases. Your veterinarian will give you a dosage protocol for most problems that will include gradually weaning your dog off the prednisone (unless he needs it long-term). It is important that you follow these instructions carefully.

Prednisone can truly feel like a miracle drug. It is sometimes used as an interim treatment to make your dog comfortable, while other treatment modalities are being established.

The 3 Best Dog Treadmills

By

Jae Thomas, CPDT-KA

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January 5, 2026

2

Too short of a dog tread mill isn't usable even for small dogs. — When it comes to finding the best treadmill for your dog, size is the primary consideration. Make sure the treadmill is long enough for your dog to run on in addition to being easy to use and maintain. Credit: Jae Thomas

Extremely hot or cold weather and busy work schedules can impact the amount of exercise your pup gets. In many places in the U.S., it’s often too hot during the day to take dogs out for anything longer than a short potty break during the summer months while in winter, snow and short daylight hours may reduce your dog’s typical exercise schedule.

The best dog treadmills can help you exercise your dog, regardless of the weather or the time of day. Dog treadmills are ideal for high-energy dogs who need extra exercise and busy pet parents who want to keep their pups fit and healthy but may not have the time for long walks or runs outside. Dog owners with physical limitations or injuries can also benefit from a dog treadmill, since they can exercise their dog with little impact on their own bodies.

We tested three of the best dog treadmills and did market research on other options available online. Here’s what to look for before buying your pup their own treadmill:

Traits We Want in the Best Dog Treadmills

Ease of setup and use: The best dog treadmills should be easy to set up and simple to use. Complicated setup when using a dog treadmill will often make you want to use it less, so we prioritized treadmills that could be turned on and adjusted with minimal effort.

Size: Size is the biggest factor you should consider when purchasing a dog treadmill. The running deck of a dog treadmill needs to be long enough for your dog to fully extend their front and rear feet while running or trotting and should be minimum of twice the length of your dog from the tip of their nose to the base of their tail.

Anything shorter doesn’t allow your dog to reach full extension while running or trotting and may make them feel nervous about slipping off the back of the treadmill.

Safety: Features like guide rails, an emergency stop function with a tethered clip that attaches to your dog, and a grippy, secure belt that absorbs impact from running are all paramount to keep your pup safe.

Whole Dog Journal Rating Product and Maker Price Notes

dogPACER LF 3.1 Treadmill $499 This mid-priced dog treadmill is big enough for dogs up to 179 pounds and long enough for most medium to large dogs to fully extend in a run. It’s a bit loud but is otherwise beloved by the dog sport and dog rehab communities.

dogPACER 4.0 $799 The dogPACER 4.0 is a tricked-out version of the original. It features a companion app to help you adjust settings, has incline features (and can be completely flat), and has an improved deck for less joint impact than the original.

Lifepro PawRunner Dog Treadmill $400 Though it’s marketed for dogs up to 130 pounds, the Lifepro PawRunner is really only suitable for small dogs under 30 pounds with short strides. However, it’s lightweight, easy to set up, and simple to use.

Product and Maker	Price	Notes
dogPACER LF 3.1 Treadmill	$499	This mid-priced dog treadmill is big enough for dogs up to 179 pounds and long enough for most medium to large dogs to fully extend in a run. It’s a bit loud but is otherwise beloved by the dog sport and dog rehab communities.
dogPACER 4.0	$799	The dogPACER 4.0 is a tricked-out version of the original. It features a companion app to help you adjust settings, has incline features (and can be completely flat), and has an improved deck for less joint impact than the original.
Lifepro PawRunner Dog Treadmill	$400	Though it’s marketed for dogs up to 130 pounds, the Lifepro PawRunner is really only suitable for small dogs under 30 pounds with short strides. However, it’s lightweight, easy to set up, and simple to use.

Best Dog Treadmill: DogPACER LF 3.1 Treadmill

The best dog treadmill of those we reviewed was the dogPACER LF. — Although it takes up a lot of space, the dogPACER LF 3.1 is safe, large enough for most dogs, and is one of the more moderately priced dog treadmills on the market. Credit: Brooklyn Pogue

The dogPACER LF 3.1 is the go-to for most dog sport folks when purchasing a dog treadmill. The rehab vet I take my dogs to has one of these in-office and it’s a good option for at-home use, too.

The biggest draw of the LF 3.1 is its size and moderate price. Dog treadmills and slatmills are expensive and easily get into the one to two thousand dollar range for models that fit larger dogs. This option costs $499, which is still a good chunk of money to pay, but a very reasonable price for a large, safe dog treadmill from a trusted brand. I know many people who have had this model for 5+ years with no durability problems.

My colleague, dog trainer Brooklyn Pogue, uses the dogPACER for her Border Collie agility dogs and says she enjoys it for the convenience and ability to get out extra energy indoors. As for downsides, she says it takes up a lot of space and requires quite a bit of regular maintenance for upkeep.

The dogPACER LF 3.1 is suitable for dogs up to 179 pounds and I find that the 71-inch running deck is long enough for most medium and large dogs, though some giant breeds may have too big of a stride to properly run on it.

Best Smart Dog Treadmill: DogPACER 4.0

An improved version of the LF 3.1 the 4.0 adds smart features for a dog treadmill. — An upgraded version of the LF 3.1, the dogPACER 4.0 adds an improved running deck, Bluetooth control panel and companion smartphone app, and pre-set exercise programs. Credit: Jae Thomas

The dogPACER 4.0 is my personal choice for a dog treadmill, as I purchased this for my dogs some months ago. It’s a feature-rich version of the original dogPACER with added smart functions.

The main upgrade is a Bluetooth control panel that connects to a companion smartphone app. The app allows you to adjust the settings without having to bend down and use the control panel and lets you track your dogs’ time elapsed, distance, and calories in one place. You can also view logs of your pup’s previous workouts for tracking purposes and select from three advanced pre-set programs.

Other differences between the 4.0 version and the 3.1 version are the incline settings and the running deck itself. The 4.0 has an adjustable incline and can be set fully flat, while the 3.1 is always set at a slight incline. The fully flat setting is a great option for dogs who are working back up to full strength from being injured, older dogs, or dogs who are nervous about being on a treadmill, as it makes the exercise physically easier for the dog.

In addition, the 4.0 version’s K9 cloud running deck reduces impact on joints when running compared to the 3.1 version (and compared to running your dog on asphalt or concrete).

This dogPACER is also foldable for storage (though it’s fairly heavy to move around and fold). My one main qualm with this treadmill is that the running belt itself sometimes gets misaligned when folding and unfolding and it requires two people to lift the treadmill up and adjust the positioning of the belt.

It’s a bit louder than the smaller Lifepro treadmill, but not quite as loud as the original. I have a sound-sensitive dog and she didn’t seem to be bothered by the sound this dog treadmill made when it was on.

Best Dog Treadmill for Small Dogs: Lifepro PawRunner Dog Treadmill

The best treadmill for dogs will match the dog's size. — Though Oslo the Corgi technically fits on this treadmill, his rear feet were falling off the back at a walk, so it’s too small for him to use safely. Credit: Jae Thomas

The Lifepro PawRunner Dog Treadmill says it’s suitable for dogs up to 130 pounds on the store listing, but the actual running deck is quite small at 42 inches. Your dog should be able to fully extend their front and rear legs on a treadmill and if the running deck is too short, their legs will fall off the back of it as they walk or run (which is a safety hazard).

Though the description is a little misleading, this is still a great option for small dogs about 25 pounds or less. It’s sturdy, fairly lightweight, easy to put together, easy to move around, and features side safety guides and an overhead bar you can attach your dog to

It also comes with a variety of different pre-set exercise programs that have varying speeds to mix up your dog’s workout routines.

I loved that this treadmill is extremely quiet. Getting used to a dog treadmill can make some dogs nervous, and sound-sensitive pups are impacted by loud treadmills in addition to the movement.

The LifePro PawRunner goes on sale from time to time, with prices this year going as low as $266. If you can wait until it goes on sale, this is a fantastic budget-friendly option for small dog owners.

Other Dog Treadmills on the Market

Though we didn’t hands-on test the treadmills below, they’re top-selling options and may be worth a look depending on your dog’s needs:

Dog Trotter USA Classic Slatmill

You may be wondering what the difference is between a slatmill and a dog treadmill. Slatmills are completely dog-powered and non-motorized and are best suited for high-drive, high energy dogs. But there’s no limit on the speed a dog can reach on a slatmill, since they’re powering the slatmill themselves. Slatmills generally are more expensive and bulkier than dog treadmills but may be suited for dogs who love to pull and have a lot of motivation to run at high speeds.

The Dog Trotter USA Classic Slatmill is a popular slatmill choice. It comes in three different sizes, has an adjustable tethering system, and features dolly wheels for moving it around. Online reviewers say that this slatmill is well-made and surprisingly quiet.

Jog A Dog Treadmill

If you’re in need of a dog treadmill for an XL or giant breed dog, the extra-large size of the Jog A Dog Treadmill may be your best option. This size features an 84-inch running deck that’s suitable for Mastiffs, Great Danes, Newfoundlands, Irish Wolfhounds, and other giant breeds. It also has a width of 24 inches, so giant breeds can walk, trot, and run with a natural gait without having to narrow their stride to fit on the treadmill.

This option is more expensive than other treadmills on this list, but it also comes with thoughtful dog-forward features like a four-position adjustable incline, sturdy side rails, a moveable gaiting bar to attach your dog to while training, and a speed dial for smooth pace adjustments.

Why Doesn’t My Dog Bark?

Behavior

By

Dr. Kate Mornement Phd, CAAB

-

January 2, 2026

4

Not every dog barks, and for owners wondering why their dog doesn't bark that might be a concern. — Why do some dogs bark while others are silent? The answer is a combination of environment, genetics, and individual personality. Credit: www.bridgetdavey.com | Getty Images

Barking is considered normal behavior for dogs. If you’ve never heard your dog bark, you might find yourself wondering—and worrying—about why not. A lack of barking isn’t always a problem, rather it reflects the dog’s temperament, genetics, and environment.

Keep in mind that the frequency of barking can vary significantly between individual dogs. Furthermore, some dogs may bark only rarely or never bark at all. Understanding why your dog doesn’t bark can help you determine whether it’s just part of their personality or if there’s an underlying issue that warrants further investigation.

Are Some Dogs Naturally Quiet?

When it comes to barking, some dogs are just naturally quieter than others. Whether or not a dog is likely to bark is heavily influenced by breed tendencies and individual temperament.

Breed Influences On Barking

Some breeds are less vocal or are known not to bark at all. These include:

Sighthounds (Greyhounds, Whippets, Borzoi and Salukis): These dogs end to be quiet as they were bred to hunt and rely on their stealth rather than barking.
Shiba Inu: These dogs can be vocal in some ways but tend not to bark.
Basenjis: These dogs are famous for not barking due to the shape of their larynx.

Individual Temperament and Barking

Even within breeds, dogs are individuals and can vary significantly in terms of how frequently and loudly they bark. Just like people, some dogs are naturally more vocal while others are quiet observers.

For example, some dogs are generally more relaxed and easy-going than others, making them less likely to bark in different situations while highly territorial dogs are more likely to bark if other dogs walk past their home. It’s also worth noting that confident dogs tend to bark less because they feel comfortable and safe in their surroundings.

Dogs Who Don’t Bark: When it’s Normal

There are lots of scenarios in which a dog not barking is completely normal. Puppies normally don’t bark much until they gain confidence and learn what barking means in different contexts. Similarly, newly adopted dogs may remain quiet for a period of time while they settle into their new home and routine.

In general, well socialized dogs tend not to bark as much because fewer things feel threatening or unfamiliar and so fewer things warrant alarm or fear-based barking. It’s also normal for dogs who are naturally quieter to learn to rely on their body language for communication, rather than barking. In many cases, quiet dogs feel safe and comfortable in their environment and so don’t feel the need to bark.

How Early Life Experience and Prior Learning Influence Barking

A dog’s learning history and environment can play a significant role in how much they bark. For example, puppies who were not adequately socialized may be more likely to bark at unfamiliar sights and sounds due to fear and/or anxiety.

Some dogs learn that barking is a reinforcing behavior. Many dog owners inadvertently reward barking by giving the dog attention or some other valued consequence as a result of barking (e.g. being let outside). This teaches the dog that barking is a rewarding behavior and increases the likelihood the dog will continue to bark. On the other hand, a dog who has been punished for barking may then suppress the behavior altogether.

Calm, predictable homes tend to produce fewer triggers for baking. This means that a lack of barking often reflects a dog’s behavioral learning history rather than a problem.

Medical Reasons a Dog Might Not Bark

If a previously vocal dog suddenly stops barking it could be the result of a health or medical issue. These could include:

Laryngeal or throat issues such as laryngitis, irritation due to excessive barking, trauma to the neck, or vocal cord paralysis.
Neurological or structural problems such as brain injuries, nerve dysfunction, or congenital abnormalities of the throat or vocal structures.
Respiratory illnesses like kennel cough.
Age related changes which can result in reduced vocal intensity when barking.

When To See a Veterinarian If Your Dog Isn’t Barking

As discussed above, many dogs are just naturally quiet and a lack of barking doesn’t mean there’s something wrong. Having a dog who doesn’t or rarely barks can make for a more peaceful home! The key to recognizing if it’s a problem is to be observant.

If your dog suddenly stops barking, it’s best to make an appointment with the vet to check for a health issue. It’s also a good idea to take your dog to the vet if you notice their barking is hoarse or weak, if they’re coughing or gagging, or if they’re having difficulty breathing.

Behavioral Reasons a Dog Doesn’t Bark

Sometimes dogs who don’t bark do so for behavioral reasons such as:

Fear, stress, or trauma: chronic stress or trauma could cause a dog to shut down and stop vocalizing.
Anxiety: anxious dogs may stop barking so they don’t draw attention to themselves.
Environmental or routine changes: experiences like moving house or adoption can result in a dog not barking until they feel safe and secure again.

How Dogs Communicate When They Don’t Bark

Barking is just one way dogs communicate. Dogs who don’t bark communicate in many other ways including:

Tail movement and carriage
Ear position
Facial expression
Eye contact or avoidance
Body posture
Soft vocalization (whining, sighing, or huffing)

Quiet dogs can be very expressive when you learn how to read them accurately. You just have to pay attention.

Should You Teach a Dog to Bark More?

It’s not necessary to teach a quiet dog to bark more. As discussed throughout this article, whether a dog barks and how much they bark depends on many factors and often comes down to genetics, personality, and prior learning.

Some people might want their dog to bark more because having a dog who barks helps them feel safer. Encouraging barking involves rewarding a dog every time they bark. However, it’s very important to consider this carefully, as some dogs might learn to bark in many different contexts and when you’d rather they didn’t.

How Far Can a Dog Smell?

Lifestyle

By

Dan Muse

-

December 31, 2025

5

How far can a dog smell? About 12 miles in good conditions. — A dog’s extraordinary ability to pickup scents as far away as 12 miles have made them invaluable assets in using smell to find lost adults, detecting illness in people, and for law enforcement.

Your world is most often defined by sights and sounds, but for your dog smell is where it’s at. Your dog’s nose is a marvel of biology, capable of detecting scents that are undetectable to us.

How Far Away Can Dogs Smell Their Owners?

It’s quite amazing, really. “In perfect conditions, a dog can pick up a scent up to 12 miles away, so this indicates that some breeds may be able to smell their owners from miles away,” according to PetRadar, a company specializing in reuniting lost pets with their owners.

The distance your dog can detect your scent varies widely and is subject to the same environmental rules as any other scent, which includes things like wind and humidity, as you will learn here.

That said, your dog knows your specific scent, a unique mix of sweat, breath, skin, hormones, laundry detergent, and diet. To your dog, your scent is as unique as a fingerprint. A variety of studies have shown that dogs are powerfully motivated by their owner’s scent, making them far more persistent in tracking it.

Dogs can even been shown to detect disease through scent. High blood sugar spikes in people with diabetes, those battling Parkinson’s disease, even the onset of seizures. Studies are showing they may also be able to detect cancer.

How Far A Dog Can Smell Depends

There is no solid answer to the question of how far a dog can smell, even under “perfect” conditions. That’s because the distance is heavily influenced by factors, including:

1. Air and Wind Conditions

For a dog to detect a scent over a long distance, the wind must be blowing directly from the source to the dog. Scientists refer to the path of this wind-borne scent as the scent cone or plume. That is, the scent starts narrow, billows and begins to dissipate.

How dramatic is the impact of wind conditions? A dog downwind of a scent source could potentially detect it over miles. In contrast, a dog positioned upwind would only detect the odor once they were virtually on top of the source.

In ideal conditions (e.g., a steady, favorable wind, moderate humidity, and a strong, concentrated odor) a dog’s effective detection range can extend many miles. For example, search-and-rescue dogs have reportedly picked up human scent trails several miles away under ideal conditions.

2. Humidity

Scent molecules adhere better to moisture. Humidity helps keep microscopic scent particles suspended in the air, preventing them from drying out and dropping to the ground too quickly. “Increased humidity could be responsible for increased odor intensity, positively influencing the tracking efficiency of dogs,” according to National Library of Medicine.

3. Scent Strength and Concentration

A potent, concentrated odor such as a fresh blood trail will be detectable over a far greater distance than a faint, weak odor The stronger the odor, the greater the number of molecules released into the environment, and thus the farther the scent cone will extend.

4. Ground vs. Air Scent

Most impressive distance feats involve air scenting, where the dog detects airborne particles carried by the wind. Ground scenting—tracking a scent trail left by footfalls—is highly effective for detail, but its distance is usually limited to the integrity of the trail on the surface, which rarely extends past a few hundred yards or a mile before dilution becomes too great. (The sports of scent work and Barn Hunt are rapidly growing as a wide variety of breeds of dogs and mixes excel in this fun new activity.)

Why Can Dogs Smell So Far Away?

“Olfaction [the sense of smell] in dogs is crucial for gathering information about the environment, recognizing individuals, making decisions, and learning. It is far more specialized and sensitive than humans’ sense of smell,” according to the National Library of Medicine (NLM).

Olfactory receptors, according to the NLM, are located on the ethmoturbinates — a complex structure in the nose that increase surface area. The vomeronasal organ is an additional source of odor detection for chemical signals that stimulate behavioral and/or physiological changes

Why Dogs Smell Better Than Us

If our dogs knew how our sense of smell worked, they would feel sorry for us. The average human has about 5 million olfactory receptors in their nose. However, a standard dog breed has about 300 million.

But the difference is more than just quantity. A dog’s nasal structure is complex and highly effective:

Two Streams: When a dog inhales, its nose separates the air into two streams: one for breathing and one for olfaction. This means dogs can continually analyze odors without interfering with their breathing.
The vomeronasal organ ( also known as Jacobson’s Organ): This secondary olfactory system, located just above the roof of the mouth, is dedicated to detecting specific, heavy moisture-borne chemical signals, particularly pheromones, which are vital for social and reproductive communication.
“The nerves from Jacobsen’s organ lead directly to the brain. They are different from other nerves in the nose in that they do not respond to ordinary smells, but to a range of substances that often have no odor at all. In other words, they detect ‘undetectable’ odors,” according to VCA Hospitals, a national network of hometown hospitals.
Exhaling Through Side Slits: Dogs exhale through the side slits in their nose. This directs the outgoing air away from their sniffing path, preventing the dilution of new odors and helping to cycle new scent molecules into their environment.

This complex system allows a dog to detect an incredible range of scents, but distance depends on other factors.

Let Your Dog Enjoy the Sniff

Understanding power and precision of your dog’s nose helps you understand their behavior. When dogs sniff intensely for a minute on your morning walk, they are doing the equivalent of you reading the morning news, scrolling social media, checking the weather, and identifying who walked by last night. Allowing your dog to smell around him is a way to show our love to our canine companion.

Why Dogs Lick Other Dogs’ Faces

By

Debby McMullen, CDBC

-

December 29, 2025

1

Dogs lick each others mouths to communicate appeasement or a desire to get along. — Dogs often lick other dog faces or mouths as a sign of appeasement. Credit: Meaghan Browning | Getty Images

One big reason your dog may lick other dogs’ faces is as an appeasing behavior. My past bully breed, Trent, used to groom the other dogs in the house, at least those who allowed it. When done to my female Rottie mix, it was a social bonding thing. They were two peas in a pod. When done to my Doberman mix, it was basically Trent showing respect to the doggie “leader” though my Dobe mix was never bossy or inappropriate acting. He was simply a natural leader. Trent wasn’t, and he was socially awkward, like many dogs who do this.

There are many other reasons why dogs might lick each other, such as saying they are sorry for what they just did when it was likely not well received but, truthfully, that brings us right back to appeasement behavior.

Puppies: Early Life Shapes Licking Habits

Other causes can include when the dog being licked just had a yummy treat and the dog doing the licking wants a taste. Very young puppies also perform this on older dogs because, quite simply, they are hungry and that is how they instinctively got food from their mother. This is a genetic holdover from their relation to wolves.

Some dogs will retain that trait into adulthood often because they are less confident than other dogs. This can be their default “please don’t hurt me” behavior to show that they are not a threat to another dog. It’s universally understood by dogs. So again, we come back to appeasement behavior. This is not a bad thing. It’s simply conflict avoidance. As long as the recipient dog does not object, there is no reason for concern.

Dog Licking As a Sign of Affection

Licking another dog’s mouth or face can also simply be grooming. Many dogs “care for” other dogs or even other animal family members in this manner. It can be considered a sign of affection when done for this reason. An attempt to nurture if you will. Some dogs will groom each other when laying together in a relaxing manner. It’s self-soothing to them.

Yet another reason for licking another dog’s face (or other animal or even a human in the home) is what has been coined as “kiss to dismiss.” That context means “please go away.” It’s a non-threatening ask for space or an exit on the part of the recipient. This is a context that truly needs immediate attention, as in some cases, it can escalate to threatening if not heeded.

Obsessive Licking in Dogs

In most scenarios, if social licking is not seen as a problem by the recipients, you can simply ignore it. The only potential problem with this type of licking behavior can be when it becomes insistent and obsessive. If licking of this type is a new behavior for your dog, it’s a good time to schedule a visit with your veterinarian to rule out a medical issue. Often obsessive licking caused by a medical issue is gastrointestinal related. If you have any concerns over sudden changes in your dog’s behavior, always speak with your veterinarian first to rule out medical causes. Once cleared, then examine the context to determine the behavior category.

The Best Dog Leashes

By

Jae Thomas, CPDT-KA

-

December 29, 2025

4

The best dog leashes combine comfort, ease of use, and durability. — Hands-on or hands-free, the best dog leashes are durable, comfortable, and easy to use. Credit: Jae Thomas

Dog leashes are what keep us attached to our furry friends on walks, hikes, and outdoor adventures. Humans have phone, wallet, keys, and dogs have collar, harness, leash.

The best dog leashes need to be comfortable, secure, and durable enough to stand up to your dog’s day-to-day routine. They should also be easy to use, so you’ll be more motivated to take your pup for a walk.

As a dog trainer, I know my way around most of the dog leashes on the market. I’ve tested over 20 leashes in the last two years, and the ones in this story are some of my absolute favorites.

Traits We Want in the Best Dog Leashes

Size: The best dog leashes come in multiple sizes (both thicknesses and lengths) for varying sizes of dogs. Thick leashes often have bigger, stronger clips suitable for large dogs, but may be too heavy for small dogs. Some leashes sit in the middle size-wise and are suitable for most sizes of dogs but may leave very large or very small dogs out.

Durability/quality: A dog leash needs to hold up to being used every day. All of the leashes on this list were tested a minimum of several times per week for several months (with most of them being tested for over a year). We noted which ones held up to all of our tester dogs’ outdoor adventures.

Ease of use: A dog leash should be easy to clip and unclip and should stay securely fastened to a dog once attached. If a leash is adjustable, it shouldn’t be a hassle to change the length or adjust the size (especially for hands-free leashes).

Comfort: The best dog leashes should be comfortable to hold or wear. Soft, pre-broken-in rope leashes are often the most comfortable to hold for long walks while highly adjustable hands-free leashes ensure the fit is comfortable on your body, whether you wear the leash around your waist or across your body.

Product and Maker	Price	Notes
Mendota Pet Snap Leash	$21-$23 depending on size	This soft, flexible leash is lightweight, easy to clip on and off of your dog’s collar and comes in a plethora of colors and patterns (and a few different thicknesses and lengths, too).
Non-stop Dogwear Rock Leash	$50	The Non-stop Dogwear Rock leash is incredibly versatile. It can be worn as a cross-body leash, a waist leash, a handheld leash, and can be used as an outdoor tether.
Non-stop Dogwear Bungee Leash	$56-$61 depending on size	If your dog pulls on the leash, you’re best off with a harness that’s safe for pulling and a bungee leash for shock absorption. This Non-stop Dogwear leash is entirely made of bungee material, so it does a good job at absorbing the force of chronic pullers.
Nite Ize Rechargeable LED Dog Leash	$31	For early morning and late night strolls with your best friend, a light-up leash will keep you both visible. This option from Nite Ize is easily rechargeable, features two different light modes, and lasts up to 7.5 hours on one charge.
Ruffwear Hitch Hiker	$65	The Ruffwear Hitch Hiker gives your dog the freedom of a long line without the hassle of managing one. The Ruffwear Hitch Hiker leash features 12 feet of leash length that can be easily adjusted while you’re hiking, camping, or adventuring outdoors.

Best Dog Leash: Mendota Pet Snap Leash

The Mendota is one of the best dog leashes and combines comfort and durability. — Mendota Pet Snap Leash is a flexible and comfortable option that stands up well to years of daily use. Credit: Jae Thomas

As a townhome-dweller, I take my dogs out for walks at least four times per day, so I’m always grabbing a leash on our way out. The leash I reach for most often is the Mendota Pet Snap Leash. I’ve had this leash for over two years and it’s still my favorite. I also have dog show friends who have Mendota leashes that are 10+ years old and still in great shape.

The Mendota Pet leashes are braided dog leads that come already broken in. These leashes are wildly flexible, comfortable to hold in your hand, and small enough to bundle up into your pocket or clip around your body if your dog is off leash trained.

Though many love biothane leashes for their anti-tangling properties and easy clean design, I find them quite bulky and heavy in comparison to rope leashes like the Mendota Pet Snap Leash. I find that my leashes don’t get dirty or overly wet (even in rainy or snowy weather), so a rope leash is versatile enough for most pet parents’ uses.

The Snap Leash comes in two different thicknesses (⅜ inch and ½ inch). I have the ⅜ inch and find that they’re wide enough and strong enough for my 45-ish pound dogs. For dogs 50+ pounds, opt for the ½ inch version.

They also come in four- or six-foot lengths and in a plethora of colors and patterns, so you can find one that matches your dog’s current collar or harness.

The clip on this leash is simple, easy to use, and secure. Lobster clips, carabiner clips, and other non-traditional leash clips can sometimes be a hassle, and generally I prefer the traditional snap clip as it stays secure on a leash and is easy to clip/unclip.

Best Hands-Free Dog Leash: Non-stop Dogwear Rock Leash

The most versatile leash was the Dogwear Rock Leash. — Suitable for use as a cross-body, waist-worn, and handheld lead, the Non-stop Dogwear Rock Leash is one of the most versatile dog leashes we tested. Credit: Jae Thomas

If you want a dog leash that can do it all, the Non-stop Dogwear Rock Leash acts as a cross-body lead, a waist-worn lead, a handheld lead and can easily be used as a tether for outdoor dining, coffee shops, or camping trips.

The Non-stop Dogwear Rock Leash owes its versatility to its innovative adjustment system. The handle side of the leash has a snap hook that attaches to an aluminum buckle you can use to adjust the size of the handle, making it big enough to be worn around the waist or across the body. You can also easily attach it to a tree or table leg during camping trips or outdoor dining to keep your pup tethered in one place.

The leash has reflective thread woven into the entire length, so it’s fairly visible in low-light conditions.

The Rock leash is eight feet long in total, so your dog still has plenty of leash length even if you decide to wear it around your waist or across your body. It’s also one of the most durable leashes on this list and has held up well through many hikes and camping trips.

Best Dog Leash for Pulling: Non-stop Dogwear Bungee Leash

The best dog leash to stop pulling in our review was the dogwear bungee leash. — The Non-stop Dogwear Bungee Leash is a great choice for owners who want to run with their dogs or those looking for a leash that will take some of the strain off of a pulling dog. Credit: Jae Thomas

While teaching loose-leash walking to dogs who pull is an important skill, leaning into their pulling behavior can also give them an outlet they desire (especially for dogs who were bred to pull, like Huskies, Malamutes, Samoyeds, and other carting breeds).

Gearing up your pull-happy dog with an x-back running harness, a bungee leash, and setting yourself up with a waist belt before taking off for a run is a great way to allow your dog to pull in a controlled setting (read more about how to run with your dog).

Even if you don’t end up doing canicross or running with your dog, a bungee leash can help absorb some of the impact from a pulling dog. I like the Non-stop Dogwear Bungee Leash because the entire thing is made of bungee material, instead of just a small section like most bungee leashes. This allows it to absorb more pulling force than other options on the market and reduces the strain on your arms and shoulders.

Best Light-up Dog Leash: Nite Ize Rechargeable LED Dog Leash

A high visibility light up leash combines comfort and visibility. — For late-night and early-morning walks, the Nite Ize Rechargeable LED Dog Leash increases visibility with long-lasting LED illumination. Credit: Jae Thomas

It’s the time of the year when daylight hours are scarce. If you like to walk your pup in the early morning hours before sunrise or after you get home from work when the sun has already set, a light-up dog leash can help keep you both visible (and safe).

The Nite Ize Rechargeable LED Dog Leash is a great option that doesn’t require batteries—simply plug it into a micro-USB cord and a wall outlet to charge up between uses. It lasts between 6.5 hours and 7.5 hours on one charge depending on the color you pick. Green and lime last up to 7.5 hours while other colors have a shorter battery life.

This leash features a padded handle that’s comfortable to hold and has a lot of LED area that makes you and your dog visible to other walkers, dogs, and oncoming traffic, helping to reduce the risk of low-light-related incidents.

Best Dog Leash for Hiking and Camping: Ruffwear Hitch Hiker

The Ruffwear hitch hikers is the best dog leash reviewed for outdoor adventures. — If you’re looking for a leash that will perform well on outdoor adventures, the Ruffwear Hitch Hiker is our top pick. Credit: Jae Thomas

For longer hikes and camping trips, I’ve used the Ruffwear Hitch Hiker for many years. It’s a 12-foot-long rope leash that’s easily adjustable to shorter lengths with an attached pouch to store any extra rope.

It’s a great hands-free option that gives your dog more freedom than a traditional four- or six-foot hands-free leash (just be sure to follow the leash length rules of any trail you’re on).

The “HitchLock” on this leash allows you to easily extend the leash or make it shorter while you hike with your dog. If you see wildlife or other people/dogs approaching on a trail, you can quickly release the lock, pull the leash tighter, and lock it again so your dog stays closer to you. You can also just as easily give your pup more leash so they have more room to sniff and romp.

The Hitch Hiker can also be used as a tethering system for camping trips. My only qualm with this leash is that the actual clip on it is a bit small and can be tricky to take off of some collars/harnesses.

What You Need to Know: Dog Paw Pad Anatomy

Care

By

Dan Muse

-

December 24, 2025

1

A dog's paw is a multifunction appendage used to walk, communicate, and leap. Dog paw anatomy affects all that your dog does. — Dogs communicate with their paws, touching you with it to express a need, to communicate, or to further their bond with us. Credit: Fresh Splash | Getty Images

Your dog’s paw is a complex piece of anatomy, serving as a shock absorber, climate control system, grip enhancer, and even a form of communications with other dogs.

“Dog paw pads are relatively tough, as they are composed of thick calloused skin, fat, and connective tissue,” says Liza Cahn, DVM, a Seattle-based veterinarian. This design allows them to bear weight, provide insulation against cold, and protect bones and joints from high impact. “However, they still need protection from weather extremes, like hot pavement, snow, and ice.”

Color of a Dog Paw

“Just like coat and eye color, the color of a dog’s paw pads is determined primarily by genetics. Lighter-colored dogs often have pink paw pads, while those with darker coats may have brown or black. Some dogs have a mixture of pink and black,” says Dr Cahn. “In most cases, these variations are completely normal. However, if you notice a change in the appearance of your dog’s paw pads, especially if accompanied by other symptoms, it could be associated with an underlying medical issue such as allergies, trauma, or infection.

The color difference is caused by melanin. Darker pads are dense with this pigment and are generally considered slightly tougher due to their genetic predisposition for pigmentation. Pink pads, which lack this heavy melanin concentration, are typically thinner, less pigmented, and therefore can be more sensitive, prone to dryness, and susceptible to cracking or burning if exposed to extremes.

Webbed Paws and Dew Claws

Two important anatomical features of the dog’s foot define the functional structure of the canine paw: the webbing and the dew claws.

“Nearly all dogs have some degree of webbing, or fusion, between their toes. If you look closely at a dog’s paw, you’ll notice that you cannot separate each toe completely from the next one,” says Amy Fox, DVM, a New York-based veterinarian. “In some breeds, this webbing may be more pronounced, as they have been selectively bred for jobs like swimming or digging. This includes retrievers like the Labrador and Chesapeake Bay, the Newfoundland, and the Portuguese water dog.”

A dew claw is a small, vestigial toe located higher up on the paw, which is often compared to a human thumb. While often viewed by dog people as useless, the dewclaw, especially on the front legs, have a clear function in specific situations.

The anatomy of a dog paw with the individual elements labeled clearly. — Knowing the correct terminology for the pads on the bottom of your dog’s paw can help you communicate with your veterinarian better. Credit: VectorMine | Getty Images

“For most dogs, the dew claw does not make contact with the ground when they walk. However, dogs that perform tight turns at high speeds use their front dew claws to stabilize their carpus, or wrist, during these kinds of maneuvers,” says Dr. Fox. When a dog is running and fast and making sharp turns. For example, as in agility sports, the dew claw provides extra traction and stability, acting like a specialized cleat like what human athletes wear on their feet.

Rear dewclaws are less common and often lack bone or muscle attachment, making them more prone to catching and injury. However, due to the stabilizing role of front dewclaws in high-impact movement, handlers of agility dogs typically don’t remove them, believing they play an important role in preventing acute injuries and chronic arthritis.

Paws as Communication Tools

What may surprise dog parents is that the paw is also a powerful tool for communication. This function is achieved through interdigital glands located in the paw pads. These glands release pheromones, which are potent chemical signals.

When a dog scratches the ground vigorously, especially after urinating or defecating, they deposit a unique scent from their paws onto the ground. This leaves a message for other dogs, broadcasting important information such as their identity, sex, and reproductive status. When your dog kicks backward, they are using their paws to broadcast a lasting, complex message to their canine neighbors.

Decoding “Frito Feet”

This sophisticated scent communication system sometimes leads to a familiar smell. You may notice that your dog’s paws sometimes emit a distinct odor — often likened to corn chips, or Frito feet.

“A mild corn chip scent is quite normal and is associated with yeast and bacteria (such as Proteus and Pseudomonas) that live on the surface of the skin. Paws are warm, moist areas of the body, and in some cases, prone to yeast and bacterial overgrowth,” Dr Cahn says. “If you notice a strong or foul odor from your dog’s paws, or other signs of infection, such as redness, hair loss, discharge, or excessive chewing or licking, you should schedule an appointment with your vet. Keeping paws clean and dry can also help mitigate the smell.

While Frito feet is typically benign, according to the Hampton Veterinary Hospital, an AAHA-accredited facility, owners should be mindful of certain conditions that could be signs of an underlying infection or inflammation that requires veterinary attention:

Redness or swelling
Excessively licking or chewing
Limping or discomfort
Sores or lesions

Dog Paw Pad Protection

Given a paw’s critical and constantly exposed design, protection is vital to its long-term health.

The main ways to protect a dog’s paw pads are to avoid surfaces that may be extremely hot or cold or use protective footwear. For example, asphalt in full sun on the hottest part of the day is going to be significantly hotter than a dirt path in the shade. A good rule of thumb is the “seven-second test.” If you can’t hold your hand comfortably on the pavement for seven seconds, it’s too hot for your dog’s paws.

Choose walking routes that avoid the hottest or coldest surfaces whenever possible and try to walk your dog early in the morning or in the evening after the sun goes down and the ground starts to cool off on hot days.

In cold weather, it is best to walk dogs in areas where a path has been shoveled and cleared of ice and snow. For dogs that will tolerate them, there different dog booties and shoes that can protect their paws from extreme temperatures as well as irritants like ice melt.

Why Do Dogs Snore?

Health

By

Mary Schwager

-

December 22, 2025

0

Why do dogs snore? It can be due to an medical condition, or just an unusual sleeping position. — While there are medical conditions that can cause a dog to snore, snoring may also be caused by the dog sleeping in an unusual position. Credit: Tara Krauss | Getty Images

Have you ever blamed your partner for snoring, only for them to blame the dog? Or been watching a movie and start chuckling, not at the film, but at your dog overpowering the soundtrack, sawing logs?

While it may strike us as funny at times, some experts say dog snoring may not be a laughing matter and could be a sign of a serious health problem.

The key is determining: why does my dog snore?

Why Do Dogs Snore?

First, it’s important to understand what snoring is.

“Basically, snoring is some kind of an obstruction to air flow and vibrations in the back of the throat that causes the snoring sound,” says Daniel Spector, DVM, a senior veterinarian and surgeon at The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center in New York City.

But when is dog snoring cause for concern?

If your dog snores, pay attention to:

How often the snoring occurs
When the snoring happens
If your dog has any nasal congestion or discharge

If your dog has never snored in the past and then starts snoring, choking while they sleep, or stops breathing, there may be a problem.

“Snoring does indicate an abnormality to their breathing,” Dr. Spector says. “I think that, just like in people, dog snoring should be something that should be evaluated.”

Experts say not to panic if your dog snores, but to keep track of it and look for patterns.

“It’s less the snoring that exists and more, is it changing? Is it progressing? Was it not there, and now it is? New or progressive snoring or a change to their airway or breathing sounds does warrant a conversation with your veterinarian,” Dr. Spector says.

But how do you explain to your veterinarian what’s going on when your dog is snoozing? It’s challenging to reenact it.

There are no overnight dog sleep labs for monitoring and your pooch may not be inclined to nap at the animal hospital. So, grab your smartphone, start recording, and catch your dog snoring on camera.

“We love videos, so then you won’t have to imitate the snoring for us. We’re fine with imitations, but not everybody likes to make a snoring noise in front of the vet,” says veterinarian Jessica Pritchard from the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine.

Videos of a dog snoring away, relaxed in their own home, are a great way to start figuring out why your dog snores.

“It doesn’t mean that your vet is going to have a diagnosis based on the video,” Dr. Pritchard says. “Hearing it can be really helpful for us to localize where the problem is. The next steps would be an exam and possible follow-up tests.”

Diagnosing Dog Snoring

During a medical exam, your veterinarian will likely start by checking out your dog’s eyes, nose, and mouth.

“They’re going to feel all around the face for any asymmetry or pain in any particular areas,” Dr. Pritchard says. “They’ll look at the symmetry of your dog’s nose and feel the airflow through both sides of the nose.”

Your veterinarian will also likely evaluate your dog’s teeth.

“The oral cavity connects to the nose, so we occasionally see dogs that have dental disease, or a tooth abscess, which can contribute to snoring,” Dr. Pritchard says.

Some dogs may need to be sedated so your veterinarian can more closely examine or take X-rays or scans of their airways. They will look for:

Obstructions
Foreign bodies
Infections
Inflammation or signs of allergies
Soft palate issues
Tonsil enlargement
Tissue thickening
Narrowing of the nose
Structural abnormalities
Growths or tumors

“The worst-case scenario is probably a tumor in the nose causing that snoring noise as they’re breathing past that obstruction,” Dr. Pritchard says. “But there are actually treatment options available.”

Solving Dog Snoring Problems

These days, there are typically snoring solutions if your dog’s breathing is indicative of a health issue.

To manage tumors, veterinarians may consider using radiation, administering chemotherapy, or surgically removing the growth.

Surgery can also help remove abscessed teeth, foreign bodies (vets report finding sticks stuck in dogs’ noses), and improve structural problems commonly seen in brachycephalic breeds, like French and English Bulldogs, Boston Terriers, Pugs, and other dogs with flatter faces.

“Very broadly and generally speaking, these dogs will almost always have some degree of snoring, because they’re brachycephalic,” Dr. Spector says. “Even with surgery, we almost never completely eliminate the sound. I tell people their dogs will still never sneak up on them; they’ll hear them coming, but we can improve the sound by improving airflow.”

And if structural issues are causing your dog to snore and go unaddressed, the problem can worsen over time.

However, snoring may also be caused by something relatively minor and easily treatable, such as antihistamines for allergies or antibiotics for infections.

Some dogs may benefit from weight loss, as excess weight can contribute to snoring, while others might simply be sleeping in a funny position.

“Just like with us, they might be tired, they might be a little congested because of pollen, or a wildfire,” Dr. Pritchard says.

And, just like us, it’s important your dog gets a good night’s sleep.

“If people are snoring and have sleep apnea, they can have detrimental health problems, ranging from not enough sleep to breathing issues,” Dr. Spector says. “And absolutely, the same sort of general health impact that can have on people is very similar to dogs.”

Sleep-deprived dogs may develop behavioral and physical problems, such as a weakened immune system or irritability, and no one wants a grumpy, sick pooch.

Is It Normal for Dogs to Snore?

When it comes to snoring, there’s no one-size-fits-all cause and answer. However, it’s possible that your dog has no underlying health issues and no treatment is necessary. Perhaps your pup is chilled out, overtired, or sleeping in an unusual position.

“Snoring in dogs can be a normal thing, just like humans,” Dr. Pritchard says. “When we snore when we’re sleeping, we are really relaxed, and so it is air moving across tissues and making a noise.”

If your veterinarian believes a medical problem isn’t the culprit causing your dog’s snoring, and it’s just an occasional thing, keep an eye on it.

And in the meantime, your partner can go back to blaming the dog for waking you up in the middle of the night, and you can laugh when your dog catches some noisy zzzs during a movie without worry.

Whole Dog Journal reviews dog food, dog toys, and dog health and care products, and also teaches positive dog training methods.

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