Many people wonder if there is a canine equivalent to the human “Plan B” pill to combat unwanted pregnancy in dogs. While the idea of an emergency contraceptive for dogs seems logical, there is currently no over the counter or approved oral medication like the human Plan B drug levonorgestrel available for dogs in the United States.
In some countries, veterinarians can use a drug called Alizin (aglepristone), which acts by blocking the hormone progesterone, effectively terminating early pregnancy in dogs. It is only available through a veterinary prescription and, when administered within the first 45 days after mating, Alizin can be effective in safely ending a pregnancy under professional supervision.
Ways to Terminate Pregnancy in Dogs
Since Alizin is not approved for use here, veterinarians and owners must rely on other options. These can include the use of subcutaneously administered prostaglandins, dexamethasone, or surgical intervention, though these treatments must be carefully timed and come with potential risks. Because options are limited, prompt veterinary consultation is essential if you suspect an undesired mating has occurred.
Early Signs of Pregnancy in Dogs
The early signs of pregnancy in dogs are often subtle and easy to miss, especially if you’re not specifically looking for them. In the first few weeks, a dog may become slightly more affectionate, seem a bit lethargic, or show changes in appetite. Some may experience mild nipple enlargement or a softening of the abdomen by the third or fourth week, however, these signs vary greatly among individual dogs. An experienced veterinarian can perform a physical exam, ultrasound, or blood test to confirm whether the dog is pregnant, usually starting around day 25 after mating.
Timing Is Critical in Ending Dog’s Pregnancy
Because the options for ending a pregnancy in dogs are time-sensitive and limited in the Unites States, preventing these situations is key. Spaying female dogs is one of the most effective steps an owner can take to promote long-term health and prevent serious reproductive issues. Spaying, or an ovariohysterectomy, typically involves surgically removing the ovaries and uterus, which eliminates the risk of unplanned pregnancy. This not only spares the dog the physical demands of pregnancy and whelping, but also prevents the complications that can occur after an accidental mating. In communities where overpopulation remains a concern, spaying is a responsible act that helps reduce the number of unwanted litters and dogs entering shelters.
Good Reasons to Spay a Dog
Beyond pregnancy prevention, spaying significantly lowers the risk of a life-threatening condition called pyometra, a severe condition of the uterus that typically affects older, unspayed females. Pyometra can develop suddenly, often a few weeks after a heat cycle, and can lead to sepsis, organ failure, or death if not treated promptly, usually through emergency surgery.
Talk to your vet to determine the best age to spay your dog. The ovaries produce hormones that are crucial for proper development, especially in a large-breed dog. Allowing your dog to reach maturity with their hormones intact can help prevent orthopedic problems and some types of cancer in the future. If you have an unspayed female dog and suspect an unwanted pregnancy has occurred, talk to your veterinarian to establish a plan of care to ensure your dog’s health and safety.
