Sileo for Dogs

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July 18, 2025

Sileo for dogs can help with anxiety due to noise or other sensitivities. — Sileo may help a dog who is battling noise phobia or anxiety. Credit: Devon OpdenDries | Getty Images

Sileo gel for dogs may help dogs who seem to instinctively fear noise, or at a minimum, dislike certain noises. Those sounds can include vacuums, fireworks, thunder, any appliance that beeps, and more.

Sileo (dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel) is the first FDA-approved treatment for dogs that experience noise phobias or anxiety. Whether your dog needs treatment, be it behavioral modification or medication, can depend on the severity of the reaction to the noise, the frequency your dog is likely to encounter that sound, and if it is easy for you to manage avoiding that noise.

Sileo gel acts as a sedative for dogs and a bit of a tranquilizer. Your dog is still aware, but he “doesn’t care” as much about the disturbing noise. The gel must be carefully given orally. It is best to give it without food or anything that might interfere with absorption. You should wear gloves to avoid getting it on your skin as you would absorb it yourself. It can lower blood pressure.

Sileo Dosing Chart

It is very important to follow the dosing chart below exactly when giving Sileo, which is a prescription medication. The Sileo syringe has a plunger and marks dots on it to help you accurately dose your dogs, i.e., a 27-lb dog would get three dots.

Zoetis’s Sileo dosage chart is based on weight. Your veterinarian will go over dosages with you prior to dispensing the medication. Each dot contains .25 mL of Sileo. Each mL contains .1 mg of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride. Note: Don’t administer more than is recommended for your dog. When Sileo was released in 2016, there were incidents of people overdosing their dogs. Follow instructions carefully.

Sileo Dosing Chart

Dog Body Weight in Pounds	Dose in Syringe Dots
4.4 to 12.1	1
12.2 to 26.5	2
26.6 to 44.0	3
44.1 to 63.9	4
64.0 to 86.0	5
86.1 to 110.2	6
110.3 to 137.8	7
137.9 to 166.4	8
166.5 to 196.2	9
196.3 to 220.5	10

Sileo should not be given to dogs with health problems or who are on other medications. Always let your veterinarian know about any other medications or supplements your dog is taking. Weakness, loss of balance, tremors, and urination can all be side effects that should be reported to your veterinarian.

Other Dog Noise Phobia Medications

Other medications are available that may be recommended by your veterinarian as off-label alternatives to help with noise sensitivities. These include trazadone and gabapentin, which can help with anxiety.

Managing Your Dog’s Noise Phobia

Before reaching for medication, evaluate your dog’s noise problem. Management is usually a part of how to handle noise phobias. Perhaps it is just the vacuum that drives him crazy. This can be handled by putting your dog outside, in your car in a crate, or in a quiet corner of the house when you vacuum elsewhere.

Storm responses can be trickier. Storms don’t always follow forecast timing. You may have thought you would be home and able to keep your dog company somewhere quiet during a storm, but the storm arrives an hour earlier than expected. A coworker’s Irish Setter was known to jump out of second-floor windows and then run to escape loud storms. Her dog came to work on predicted stormy days to keep him safe.

Fireworks tend to be scheduled so you can plan. Some people simply pack up around big firework holidays like the 4^th of July and head for the middle of nowhere to camp for a few days. If you stay at home, with a known fireworks timetable, you can plan when to medicate your dog for best effect. Many military veterans with PTSD also react to firework sounds. Some towns are now pushing for silent or quiet light displays, such as with drones. You still get the beauty but without the bangs.

Understanding Dogs with Noise Anxiety

Many breeders work to expose their puppies to a variety of sounds as young pups. There are CDs as well as YouTube videos with sirens (some dogs howl at sirens), vacuums, fireworks, gunshots, etc. on them. Initially, play these at very low levels so as not to frighten the pups. Sound can gradually be increased.

Many puppy-evaluation protocols include checking for sound sensitivity. A sharp sound is made, and the response of each individual pup is recorded. A startle is expected (if the dog gives no response, I would be concerned about deafness). Ideally, a pup startles and then either goes to investigate or continues doing what it was. Running off and not wanting to come back is indicative of sound sensitivity.

Dogs of different heritages will often respond differently. For example, guardian breeds, like the Great Pyrenees and Rottweilers, tend to want to go investigate, which makes sense. Herding dogs, like the Australian Shepherd and Border Collies, will tend to want to move away. In “real life,” they would be moving their flock from danger. Terriers tend to charge in.

Behavior Protocols to Reduce Noise Phobias

While medications provide a crutch, it’s wise to use behavior protocols for reducing noise phobias in dogs. If you can, work with a behaviorist to draw up a plan for your individual dog.

“Flooding,” which is overwhelming your dog with the sound until he basically gives up and accepts it, is NOT recommended. It can easily lead to irreparable damage to your dog’s temperament and your relationship.

Desensitization is better. This starts with the offending sound at a very low level. Your dog needs to be able to move away. You try to pair the low-level sound with something the dog loves such as his favorite treats. This works best if done early in the development of this phobia. Once firmly established, it is harder to break. Gradually, you can increase the sound level if your dog stays calm.

The use of physical methods can help. Many owners swear by ThunderShirts and pressure wraps (a la Temple Grandin) to reduce anxiety. The use of earmuffs or ear wraps can also help reduce noises to a tolerable level.

You can also try “noise masking,” which adds sound to the environment to reduce the intensity of unwanted sound. It makes the scary sound more difficult to detect. With things like thunder and fireworks, they “tone down” the noise so it’s less starting to the dog.

Whole Dog Journal offers an online course in handling sound anxiety in dogs. Whole Dog Journal’s online course “Dogs and Noise Anxiety explains the secrets to helping your dog deal with storms, fireworks, loud motors, shrill-sounding appliances, and other ear-piercing noises.

Help Your Dog Avoid Noise

What can you do to avoid noise phobias? Start by looking for a puppy who has had noise exposures and who tested sound for noise reactions. Of course, that isn’t always possible.

If you notice your dog being anxious about certain sounds, act right away. Plan if you can help your dog avoid the noise. A friend’s dog recently became nervous about the washer. So, her dog must be in a quiet room at the other end of the house with the door closed when it is running.

If it is a sound that will be there frequently, work on desensitization. Remember, slow and steady! Don’t rush the process, proceed with baby steps. When you can’t avoid the noise, try to have your dog away and in a quiet, safe place. Anticipate noisy situations and apply a wrap or give medication ahead of time if possible.

What To Know About In-Home Euthanasia

By

Mary Schwager

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July 15, 2025

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In home euthanasia can provide your pet with a peaceful end of life in the familiar and comfortable surroundings of their home. — It’s never easy to say goodbye to a beloved dog. With the right veterinarian, in-home euthanasia can make the final moments gentler on the dog and their people. Credit: 9gifts Kevalee | Getty Images

Wherever Harley went, commotion followed. I had a hunch that even in death, his knack for turmoil would live on, and I wasn’t wrong.

The giant-sized, mischievous black Labrador was known for exploits that ranged from picnic raiding (which included jumping on top of a table at a Boy Scout BBQ to swipe their food. I can still hear the mothers’ horrified screams in my mind) and grabbing an entire roast off the stove to remaining unscathed after jumping out a second-story window to scare off a creepy-looking man.

Harley was rescued from a terrible situation, and he cheated death many times, but at the age of 14, his health declined, and I didn’t want him to suffer.

I started exploring in-home euthanasia options to let Harley go peacefully because my 90-pound, brave, wrecking ball of a dog turned into a shaking, cowering, nervous wreck at animal hospitals. There was no way I was going to let him leave this life that stressed.

Back in 2010, there were few in-home pet euthanasia services available. That’s in stark contrast to today, when the option to let your pet go in a non-animal hospital setting has become so popular that there are now local and nationwide companies with teams of veterinarians specializing in dog euthanasia at home.

The Growing Popularity of In-Home Euthanasia

The in-home pet euthanasia industry has blossomed so much that some say it’s grown into a movement.

“It gives me chills because it’s really a paradigm shift, a change in perspective on pet end-of-life care,” says veterinarian Nellie Wilbers, with Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice and In-Home Euthanasia.

The company currently has more than 400 veterinarians helping pet families in 40 states and continues to expand.

“The popularity has grown because our pets are family,” Dr. Wilbers says. “You have more time at home, where everyone can enjoy privacy, peace, and comfort as they say goodbye, and have a little more control over that experience.”

Some pet parents choose in-home euthanasia because it’s difficult, even painful, to get their dog in the carrier or car. Choosing dog euthanasia at home also saves people from having an overwhelming emotional experience at an animal hospital with other people around, and from that horrible ride home without their dog.

Veterinarian Juliana Lyles, owner of A Gentle Goodbye Veterinary Hospice in the Chicagoland area, says some families appreciate the option to have their dog’s last day filled with all the things they love.

“They’re giving their dog all of their favorite foods,” Dr. Lyles says. “The dog doesn’t know anything is different because they’re at home. It’s just any other day to them, which is so beautiful. They don’t fear death. They live in the moment, and for this to be just any other moment for them is—well, I think there’s no better way for them to go, if possible.”

All these reasons are what made in-home euthanasia so appealing to me, so I made an appointment for Harley.

How Does In-Home Pet Euthanasia Work?

Experts say planning ahead can be key with in-home euthanasia since it can be challenging to get a same-day appointment.

Contact Local Veterinarians or Companies in Advance

If you think you may have to let your dog go in the near future, start looking for in-home euthanasia providers. Ask your veterinarian, friends, and family for referrals. Search online in your area and read reviews.

Contact and interview providers. Ask questions about the company and its process. Can you have friends and family around? Can your dog be in their favorite backyard spot? What is the cost?

My survey found the price of in-home euthanasia today ranges from about $400 to $700, depending on the size of your pet, cremation wishes, and extras like paw prints and keepsakes. Ask if you can pay in advance. This way, you won’t be scrambling to find a credit card on the day of the appointment, with tears in your eyes.

Make sure you feel comfortable with the veterinarian or service who will be coming to your home to let your dog go.

“It’s one of the biggest decisions that we have to make as pet owners, and perhaps in our lives,” says Maggie Holl, a licensed vet tech and manager of MN Pets, which provides in-home pet euthanasia in the Minneapolis Twin Cities area.

Once you find a provider, register in advance with the company so you’re in their system, even if you aren’t ready to set an appointment date.

Decide “When is the Right Time?”

Many in-home euthanasia providers are happy to discuss the difficult decision of when to say goodbye to your dog.

“We offer quality of life telehealth appointments for people asking the tough question, ‘How do I know it’s time?’,” Dr. Lyles says. “It makes a big difference. Discussing it helps solidify their thoughts. There’s an expression that we use that it’s far better to be a week too early than an hour too late because a pet is suffering.”

The key is letting them go in peace, and that you and your family are also at peace and understand the decision.

“We’re never going to be ready to say goodbye, never, ever,” Dr. Wilbers says. “We encourage people to lead with love, not selfishly, but being brave and doing what’s best for their pet, even when it hurts us.”

What To Expect During an In-home Euthanasia Appointment

On appointment day, a veterinarian arrives at your home, works with you to make your dog comfortable and calm, and tries to accommodate your wishes.

Veterinarians say the actual euthanasia process they use is similar to in-office euthanasia.

“Most will give the pet some kind of sedation ahead of time,” Dr. Lyles says. “We give a combination of pain control, plus anti-anxiety medicine, plus sedation, so the dog is nice, comfy, and is getting sleepy. Then we give the euthanasia solution that causes them to pass away.”

The veterinarian usually gives you some time with your pet after they’ve passed. This may sound morbid, but my advice is to make sure there’s a plan for when it’s time to remove the body.

Have a Post-Mortem Plan

A few days before I let Harley go, my then-boyfriend brought over a large, blue, plastic sheet.

“What is this?” I said.

“Well,” he responded sheepishly, “This is just in case the veterinarian doesn’t bring anything to carry out Harley’s body. He’s a big dog.”

“Oh my gosh! Of course, the vet will have a plan. This looks like a tarp a serial killer would use!” I yelled, stuffing it into a closet.

On the appointment day, the veterinarian arrived, my boyfriend ushered him in, and soon after, Harley passed away in my arms. He knew how much I loved him. It was exactly as I had hoped.

Until the veterinarian uncomfortably looked around my fourth-floor apartment and said, “Um, ah, hmmm, do you have anything we can put Harley in to carry him out to my car?”

My eyes, blurry and nearly swollen shut from tears, saw my boyfriend’s face light up. He shot me that dreaded “I told you so” look. He jumped up and presented the relieved-looking vet with the serial killer tarp.

The pair moved Harley’s body onto the drop cloth looking thing, then each held an end of the tarp, picked it up, and awkwardly carried it out the door, down the hallway of my building, toward the elevator.

But no matter how they tried to disguise it, no matter how closely they struggled to hold the ends of the plastic sheet closed, there was no way to hide the fact there was a dead body in the tarp.

The suspicious-looking duo got in the elevator, and my boyfriend hoped it didn’t stop on any other floor so they could make a clean getaway.

Nope. One floor later, “Bing,” the doors opened, and a group of young women, all chatting about where to go out that night, got on.

They took one look at the two men in the back of the elevator uncomfortably holding a tarp, which clearly had a body inside, and froze.

The women’s conversation stopped, and the elevator ride continued in eerie silence. “Bing.” “Bing.” Each floor the elevator passed on its way to the ground floor felt like an eternity.

The doors finally opened, and the women ran out; to this day, I’m still surprised they didn’t call the police.

I’ve found that in-home euthanasia has come a long way since then. Years later, I arranged an appointment for another one of my dogs, using a different veterinarian who had a post-mortem plan.

All the in-home euthanasia companies I spoke to for this article assured me they all have arrangements, so the body-moving moment doesn’t end with a neighbor calling 9-1-1.

“I can confidently say things like that do not happen with practices that I have helped,” Holl says. “We are prepared for all sizes of pets. We have little baskets with blankets for the kitties and small dogs. We have a stretcher that we call a bed for large dogs. We lay it down and use a blanket and pillow […] so people don’t have to think about that stuff; their last memory is seeing their dog or their cat tucked into a little bed or basket.”

Veterinarians With Heart and Soul

One of the things that resonated with me after using two in-home euthanasia services was what a tough job these vets have. They show up at people’s homes where everyone is sobbing and suffers with them through the gut-wrenching pain of losing a beloved animal.

When I asked the veterinarians how they cope, they all said it’s a privilege to bring peace to the pets.

“I try to think about the dog who is having a tough time; he is probably in pain, and I get to make this a peaceful process for him,” Dr. Lyles says. “He is so loved that his family arranged to have in-home euthanasia, and that is an amazing gift you can give him.”

I definitely prefer in-home euthanasia, and I’m actually grateful for the disorganized Harley experience. The expected-yet-unexpected serial killer tarp moment just adds to all the infamous Harley stories that live on in our hearts.

What To Expect When Adopting a Long-Stay Shelter Dog

By

Dr. Kate Mornement Phd, CAAB

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October 29, 2025

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Long term shelter dog behavior can differ from dogs who have never been to a shelter, or only stayed short term. — When a dog has spent months or years at an animal shelter, it can be hard to adjust to life in a new home. Credit: Alexandra Jursova | Getty Images

Adopting a dog who has been a long-term resident at a shelter can be an incredibly rewarding experience. Long stints in an animal shelter can be stressful for many dogs and some may develop stress- or anxiety-related behavior problems during their stay. In this article you’ll learn what to expect when adopting a long-term shelter dog, how stress and anxiety can affect long term-shelter dog behavior, how to build trust, and how to help your new best friend adjust to home life.

Understanding Long-Term Shelter Dog Behavior

The shelter environment can be quite stressful for many dogs due to the unfamiliar surroundings, different routine, loud noise, and loss of attachment bonds. For some dogs, their stay in a shelter is relatively short, either because they are adopted quickly or because they are transferred to a foster carer or rescue organization. However, dogs who end up staying in the shelter for a long period of time can experience increased levels of stress and anxiety. This typically manifests in behaviors such as excessive vocalization, panting, pacing, spinning, hypervigilance, shutdown, and repetitive behaviors that are often an adaptive response to stress, confinement, and lack of stimulation (Denham et al., 2014).

If you’re considering adopting a long-term shelter dog, or any dog for that matter, it’s important to understand the individual dog’s physical, psychological, and social needs to determine whether your home and lifestyle will meet those needs. Further, your expectations need to be realistic in terms of what’s required to care for the dog (e.g. training, exercise, vet care etc.).

Why Do Some Dogs Stay in Shelters So Long?

Some dogs can spend months, sometimes years, in a shelter awaiting adoption. Extended shelter stays can occur for different reasons including the dog having specific medical or behavioral needs limiting the kind of home she’s suited to. Breed stereotypes and economic downturns might cause more people to surrender their dogs while fewer people are adopting dogs due to financial concerns. Dogs who display undesirable behavior in the kennel due to stress might dissuade potential adopters. Further, an over-representation of certain breeds or breed types, such as working dogs, in a shelter at any one time can result in longer stays for some dogs.

Common Long-Term Shelter Dog Behavior Problems

Research shows that up to two thirds of rescue dogs are reported by adopters to exhibit at least one behavior problem post adoption (Gates et al., 2018). Whilst any dogs can be prone to behavior problems, there are some common issues seen more frequently in rescue and long-term shelter dogs. Some examples include:

House soiling
Jumping up
Separation anxiety
Destructive behavior
Excitability
Chasing
Resource guarding
Fear- or anxiety-based aggression toward unfamiliar people or dogs

These behaviors may have been observed in the shelter environment but can also show up in the new home when they weren’t present in the shelter.

The 3-3-3 Rule for Dogs and Long-Term Shelter Dog Behavior

There is no hard and fast rule when it comes to how long it takes a long-term shelter dog to settle into its new home. Anecdotally, people often refer to the Three-Three-Three Rule for transitioning a shelter dog into a new home:

The First Three Days—According to this rule, the first three days should allow a dog time to get used to her new surroundings and family. A safe and quite space should be provided to allow the dog to retreat to and exposure to new environments or situations should be limited during this time.

The First Three Weeks—During this time the focus should be placed on training and bonding with the newly adopted dog. Daily walks, play, and training sessions utilizing positive reinforcement helps build trust and desired behavior.

The First Three Months—The first three months with a newly adopted shelter dog should focus on continuing to build trust, socialization, and training. Having a fairly consistent routine can be beneficial as dogs like predictability. After three months, an adopted dog should be well settled and showing her true colors. Training a rescue dog is important during this period of time.

The problem with this rule is that dogs are individuals. Some may settle in on the three-three-three timeline, but others will take longer—and there’s nothing wrong with a dog who doesn’t follow the formula. On the scientific side, there is limited research available that has explored this topic compared to behavior during a shelter stay. However, available research suggests that it may take up to 6 months for some dogs to completely settle into their new home (Bohland et al., 2023).

Training a Rescue Dog: Building Trust First

All dogs need training to teach them appropriate behavior in our homes and communities. Many rescue dogs have not previously been trained and may need some extra support. Further, some may not have been treated kindly in their previous home or may have been negatively impacted by a long stay in the shelter. These dogs benefit significantly from focusing on relationship building before obedience.

Positive reinforcement methods should be used to reward desired behavior and create a positive association with various people, places, and situations when training a rescue dog. Teach foundational cues slowly such as the dog’s name and a toileting cue to build confidence and communication whilst avoiding overwhelming the dog with too many new or unfamiliar experiences. Once the rescue dog is feeling more settled and confident, new cues and behaviors (such as sit, come, on your bed etc.) can be added to their repertoire.

How To Help a Long-Term Shelter Dog Adjust to Home Life

While most long-stay shelter dogs will adjust to their new home with time, there are several things you can do to help with the process:

Create a predictable routine and try to keep the home relatively quiet in the early stages to help your new dog settle.
Use environmental enrichment to encourage and create opportunities for exploration and normal behaviors (e.g. snuffle mats, puzzle toys, chew toys).
Provide a safe and quiet retreat area, such as a crate, comfy bed, or separate room to allow your new shelter dog the time and space to decompress and rest.
Learn what your new dog enjoys (e.g. pats, play, treats, toys etc.) and spend time engaging in these activities to help build a positive association with you and the new home.
Avoid the use of aversive training techniques as these can exacerbate fear and trauma and can erode trust.

When To Seek Professional Help with Long-Term Shelter Dog Behavior

Being adopted is a big adjustment for long-term shelter dogs and some may display problem behavior in their new home, especially if they were traumatized. If you’re observing signs of severe anxiety, fear-based aggression, or stress that is not reducing, contact the shelter where you adopted your dog if they provide post-adoption support or seek professional help.

Adopting a long-term shelter dog can be an incredibly rewarding experience. Given time, kindness, care, and compassion, long-term shelter dogs can thrive in their new homes and form strong and lasting bonds with their new families.

References

Bohland, K. R., Lilly, M. L., Herron, M. E., Arruda, A. G., & O’Quin, J. M. (2023). Shelter dog behavior after adoption: Using the C-BARQ to track dog behavior changes through the first six months after adoption. Plos one, 18(8), e0289356.

Denham, H. D., Bradshaw, J. W., & Rooney, N. J. (2014). Repetitive behaviour in kennelled domestic dog: Stereotypical or not?. Physiology & behavior, 128, 288-294.

Gates, M. C., Zito, S., Thomas, J., & Dale, A. (2018). Post-adoption problem behaviours in adolescent and adult dogs rehomed through a New Zealand animal shelter. Animals, 8(6), 93.

The 5 Best Reflective Dog Collars

By

Jae Thomas, CPDT-KA

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July 11, 2025

0

The best reflective dog collars help you and others see and locate your dog in twilight and dark nights. — The best reflective dog collars are immediately visible in low-light conditions, easy to use, and comfortable for the dog to wear. Credit: Jae Thomas

Whether you’re camping with your dog, or just want to keep them visible on late-night potty walks, a reflective dog collar is a must-have for your dog’s safety.

Reflective collars keep your dog visible to you, cars, bikes, other people, and other dogs. Dogs who wear reflective collars are easier to see both on leash and off leash, thereby reducing accidents.

Though we don’t want to think about our pups getting lost, reflective collars also make it easier to locate a lost dog, especially in low-light locations like forests, rural areas, or neighborhoods without streetlights.

Ready to get a reflective collar for your dog? Read on for how we tested and our 5 favorite reflective dog collars:

Traits We Want in a Reflective Dog Collar

Ease of use: A good dog collar should be easy to put on, take off, and adjust. It should stay securly on your dog’s neck and be easy to attach a leash and ID tags to.

Size range: The best dog collars come in a variety of sizes. Bonus points for collars that can fit everything from toy breeds like Chihuahuas to giant breeds like Great Danes.

Durability: If your dog spends a lot of time outside or if you regularly hike or camp with them, a durable collar is a must. Collars should realistically last multiple years without getting too worn down. Outdoor-focused dog brands generally make durable collars that will hold up for a long time, even with dogs who are tough on their gear.

Reflective details: The more, the better! Lots of reflective trim, webbing, or other details will make it easier to see your dog during early morning walks and late-night outings when the lighting isn’t great. However, not all reflective details are made equally—we tested each of these collars in various low-light conditions to see which ones were the most visible.

Best Reflective Dog Collars

Product and Maker	Price	Sizes	Notes
Orvis Personalized Reflective Dog Collar	$40	S (10"-13"), M(13"-17"), L (17"-20"), XL (20"-25")	With a huge reflective strip in the middle and the option to personalize it with your dog’s name and a phone number, this Orvis collar is sure to keep your dog visible at night.
Wilderdog Islander Reflective Dog Collar	$32	S (11"-15"), M (13"-18"), L (17"-24")	For dogs who wear their collars for most of the day, this Wilderdog option is made of flexible-yet-durable rope, and I found that it was less likely to damage my dog’s coat.
Non-stop Dogwear Rock Collar 3.0	$33	2XS (10.5”-12.5”) to 3XL (23”-25.5”)	With a wide array of sizes and a slip-on, limited slip design, this Non-stop Dogwear collar is great for dogs who need a martingale or limited slip option for safety.
Ruffwear Confluence Waterproof Dog Collar	$30	14”-20” and 20”-26”	If your dog swims a lot or if you live in a rainy climate, the Confluence collar is completely waterproof, saving you from having to dry out your dog’s collar after a wet adventure.
Ruffwear Crag Reflective Dog Collar	$30	11”-14”, 14”-20”, and 20”-26”	Most reflective collars feature plain, simple designs, but the Ruffwear Crag collar has reflective thread in the webbing and comes in a variety of colorful designs.

Best Reflective Dog Collar: Orvis Personalized Reflective Dog Collar

The Orvis reflective dog collar has a wide strip that makes it very easy to spot on dark nights. — The wide reflective strip on the Orvis Personalized Reflective Dog Collar makes it easy to spot even a dark-coated dog at night. Credit: Jae Thomas

The Orvis Personalized Reflective Dog Collar is a fan favorite for a reason. The wide reflective strip in the middle made this the most visible collar during testing and it can be customized to include your dog’s name and your phone number.

If your pup ever gets lost, your phone number and their name will be visible to anyone who finds them, even if your dog’s tags break off.

The Orvis personalized collar allows you to add vital details to the collar. — The option to personalize the Orvis collar with a phone number and your dog’s name is a big plus. Credit: Jae Thomas

This collar is exceptionally sturdy and is made of strong, thick webbing. It’s easy to adjust and comes in 4 different sizes, as small as 10 inches (ideal for most small breeds) and as large as 25 inches (big enough for large dogs like Dobermans and Malamutes).

As an added bonus, this collar is UV and moisture resistant and comes with a lifetime guarantee.

Best Reflective Rope Collar: Wilderdog Islander Reflective Collar

The Islander reflective dog collar is soft and flexible while still being easy to see in the dark. — The Wilderdog Islander Reflective Collar offers a soft and flexible option that is still easy to spot in the dark. Credit: Jae Thomas

If you’re looking for a soft-yet-sturdy reflective collar, go for the Wilderdog Islander Reflective Collar. The outdoor brand’s reflective collar comes in five different colors, three sizes, and is made of super-strong rock climbing rope. Reflective tape is woven into the collar, so it’s a part of the design while also being functional.

Though this collar isn’t as visible as our top pick, it shines in comfort for the dog. Some thick, rigid collars break dogs’ coats around their necks and don’t seem comfortable for long-term use. The Wilderdog collar is much more flexible and less rigid and I didn’t notice as much hair breakage while testing it.

Some of the best reflective dog collars are soft and won't damage a dog's coat. — Of the reflective collars tested, the Wilderdog Islander was the least likely to damage a dog’s coat. Credit: Jae Thomas

Best Reflective Martingale Collar: Non-stop Dogwear Rock Collar 3.0

Reflective dog collars in available in several forms including Martingale collars. — If you’re looking for a reflective martingale collar, the Non-stop Dogwear Rock Collar 3.0 is a good option with several outdoor-friendly features. Credit: Jae Thomas

Some dogs need a martingale collar or a collar with a limited-slip function. Escape artist pups and breeds with long, slender heads (sighthounds, Collies, etc.) who can easily slip a normal collar come to mind. The Non-stop Dogwear Rock Collar 3.0 is a limited slip collar with a lot of performance features.

In addition to a reflective strip around it, the Rock Collar 3.0 was created with active dogs in mind. It’s made of a breathable mesh material that dries quickly when wet and is simultaneously sturdy and lightweight. It comes in a whopping 8 different sizes, so it’s suitable for toy and giant breeds alike.

The main downside of this collar is that it’s not adjustable, so measure twice and buy once. It’s easy to slip on and off your dog’s head if you purchase the correct size but know that it’s less forgiving than a traditional adjustable collar. For blocky headed breeds like boxers and bully mixes, consider measuring the widest part of their head in addition to their neck to see which size is best suited for them.

Best Waterproof Reflective Collar: Ruffwear Confluence Waterproof Dog Collar

Waterproof reflective dog collars can transition seamlessly from swimming to evening hour fun around a campsite. — Ruffwear’s Confluence collar is both reflective and waterproof, making it a great choice for dogs who love to swim or play in the snow. Credit: Jae Thomas

For dogs who love swimming and for families who live in rainy or snowy climates, the Ruffwear Confluence Waterproof Dog Collar is a great option. I’ve used this collar on kayaking and paddle boarding trips with my dogs for years and it still looks brand new.

Made of a coated, rubber-like material, the Confluence collar is stink-proof and can be easily wiped down if it gets wet or muddy. The reflective screen printing covers the entire collar, but it’s not as visible as other options on this list.

Not all reflective dog collars are high visibility with some compromising reflectivity for other features. — On balance, the Confluence collar isn’t quite as visible as some of the other reflective dog collars tested. Credit: Jae Thomas

The biggest downsides of this collar is that it only comes in two different sizes and that it can be a little hard to adjust. I also found that because it’s a more rigid material, it will damage the coats of longer-haired dogs if left on for extended periods of time.

Most Stylish Reflective Dog Collar: Ruffwear Crag Reflective Dog Collar

Reflective dog collars can also be stylish. — If you think reflective collars have to be plain, think again. The Ruffwear Crag collar comes in a number of patterns and colors. Credit: Jae Thomas

Most reflective dog collars feature simple designs, since they’re limited by the reflective material. However, the Ruffwear Crag Reflective Dog Collar has reflective thread woven into the webbing of the collar, making fun patterns possible.

The Crag collar comes in over 10 different colorways. Three of those are striped solid colors, and the rest are inspired by sunrises, sunsets, waves, and more.

Reflective dog collars can be stylish as well as highly visible. — With reflective thread woven into the webbing, the Crag collar shows up well at night. Credit: Jae Thomas

The weave on this collar is a little bit thinner and less durable than that on the Orvis collar, but it still comes with a thick metal D-ring, a sturdy plastic buckle, a separate ID tag attachment point (so your leash and tags aren’t on the same ring), and a silicone tag silencer.

Did My Dog Sprain His Leg?

By

Dr. Debra M. Eldredge, DVM

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July 10, 2025

0

A dog with a sprained leg chasing after a ball. — Even chasing a ball can result in a sprained leg, if the dog overextends himself or takes a misstep. Credit: Guillermo Spelucin Runciman | Getty Images

If my dog sprains his leg, or is otherwise lame or sore, my immediate go-to is to run a cold hose over the area (or the whole leg) for 5 minutes two to three times a day. You need to time the 5 minutes because it will feel like an hour after just 30 seconds. I then limit the dog’s activity. I don’t usually give any medication on that first day.

Dog sprain recovery time is short for minor injuries, and often most of the pain is gone by the next day. Remember, though, even if he doesn’t seem sore, you should still rest the dog with crating and leash walking for a week. If your dog is still obviously sore the next day, he should be seen by your veterinarian.

Both sprains and strains are soft-tissue injuries, as opposed to a broken bone, which is an orthopedic injury. While soft tissue may seem simpler, these injuries can be extremely frustrating to heal and may take as long or longer than a simple fracture. Plan for a minimum of two to four weeks, with the possibility of months.

Dog Sprained Leg Symptoms

While the words “sprain” and “strain” get used interchangeably, technically, a sprain refers to an injured ligament and a strain to an injured muscle or tendon.

Both injuries can look similar when you examine your dog. The injured area may feel warm (compared to the normal leg) or be swollen in one area. Most likely, your dog will be less active and have trouble sitting or lying down or getting up. You might notice your dog avoiding stairs.

The stoic dog will be silent, although he may pull his leg away when you examine it and flex and extend joints. The sensitive dog will whimper, cry, and possibly even snap when you manipulate the hurt area. Most dogs will limp with an injured leg.

Sprain injuries tend to be acute. Your dog is bouncing around and then suddenly is holding up a leg. He could have sprained the ligaments in his carpus (wrist). If it is a rear leg, it may be the dreaded cruciate injury.

Strains are associated with joints, since ligaments act to hold the joint together. Strains are more likely due to repetitive stress but can be acute as well. For sport dogs, iliopsoas strains (think groin muscles) can happen acutely or with a buildup over time.

Treatment for a Dog’s Sprained Leg

Rest and cold therapy are realistic treatments for your dog. In some cases, support bandages can help, as can encouraging your dog to lie down quietly and rest.

I like to start with the cold hose versus an ice pack for two reasons:

The cold water from a running hose stays cold unlike the ice pack, which warms up.
As a veterinarian, I feel (anecdotally) that the action of running water on the leg is beneficial.

Veterinary Treatment for a Dog’s Sprained Leg

Your veterinarian will do a thorough physical examination, plus observe your dog moving. The affected leg will be carefully checked over, looking for redness, warmth, and swelling. The joints on that leg will be flexed and extended. Thermal imaging may pick up subtle injuries. At a sports medicine clinic, your dog may be gaited over force plates to compare his normal leg to his injured leg.

Treatment will vary with the injury. As discussed, mild injuries may respond to cold treatment and restricted exercise. Your veterinarian may prescribe an anti-inflammatory medication or a pain medication to make your dog more comfortable. Remember: Even if your dog seems fine after getting the medication, you still need to follow exercise restrictions. The drugs can cover up symptoms.

Severe injuries like complete tears of a cruciate ligament in the stifle may require surgery. Less severe sprains and strains may benefit from a bandage, splint, or brace. Always have these support items fitted by your veterinarian, even if you purchase them yourself. Some supplements such as Myos may be recommended as support.

Rehab for a Dog’s Sprained Leg

Perhaps most important for any sprain or strain is to get your dog into a rehabilitation program (like human physical therapy programs). If your dog is active in dog sports, schedule an appointment with a veterinarian certified in rehabilitation. The proper exercises can help to maintain strength and flexibility while your dog heals and reduce the likelihood of a recurrence. Some of these same exercises can be used to condition a dog and prevent injuries as well.

You might be flexing your dog’s joints manually or encouraging him to walk over cavaletti. Balancing on wobbly or uneven surfaces builds up proprioception (awareness of where his feet are) and his muscles.

Fit Paws has lots of fun equipment for every size dog. They also have blogs and articles on their site to help guide you in using the equipment but always follow your rehab veterinarian’s or veterinary technician’s guidance.

Along with fancy equipment, including underwater treadmills, some of the best results come from simple exercise such as sit/stand and controlled walking. You can also adapt things at home, such cardboard boxes for platforms.

Preventing a Dog’s Sprained Leg

How can you avoid sprains and strains? Start by keeping your dog at optimal weight. Any extra pounds mean extra stress on ligaments, tendons, and muscles.

Don’t count on your sport dog to stay sound as a weekend warrior. He needs exercise throughout the week as well to stay in shape. Each dog sport has exercises, including warmups, along with general fitness programs to ensure your dog’s condition. Chris Zink, DVM, has extensive articles, books, and videos at her site to help keep active dogs sound.

Finally, be realistic about activities for your dog. There are many dog sports. And the ideal sport may change with age or in the aftermath of an injury. Your dog may not be the ideal choice for a hard-driving agility dog but might be perfect for scent work. Find something you both enjoy.

How to Tell If Your Dog Is in Pain

By

Dan Muse

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July 9, 2025

4

Signs your dog is in pain can be subtle and include fatigue, pacing, and aversion to touch. — Signs a dog is in pain are often subtle, such as not having interest in anything happening around them. Credit: Dmitry Andreev | Getty Images

Dogs communicate their discomfort with subtle changes in their behavior, posture, and habits. Recognizing these signs helps you maintain your dog’s health and know when veterinary care is needed.

Body Language of a Dog in Pain

Based on their evolutionary history, showing weakness could make a dog vulnerable, so they instinctively hide pain. That means by the time your dog shows signs of pain, she has probably been suffering in silence for a while. Your best way to detect pain is vigilance and observation of your dog’s normal routine.

According to Dr. Aly Cohen at Cornell University’s College of Veterinary Medicine, dogs express signs of pain differently depending on breed, individual makeup, and age. Behavioral changes due to pain often develop gradually, so paying attention to your dog’s daily habits is key. These subtle cues will be detected early on by someone most familiar with the dog:

Changes in mobility

Your dog may sit or lie down more frequently, hold an arched back, carry their head low, or position their tail abnormally.
They may favor a limb or have difficulty walking.
Your pup may have difficulty sitting, climbing stairs, or getting up from a resting position.

Changes in activity level

You may notice pacing or an inability to settle.
Your dog might seem unusually tired or unwilling to move.
She may walk more slowly or be reluctant to walk at all.

Behavioral changes

He may whimper, yelp, or groan.
You may find they are hiding or avoiding interaction.
Conversely, they may seek more attention and affection than usual.
A dog who’s normally affectionate may now react negatively to being touched.
She may lick or chew at a specific spot on her body.
Your dog may uncharacteristically snap or growl.
They may exhibit excessive panting even at rest.
You may notice a change in expression such as flattened ears, grimaces, or glazed eyes.

Changes in daily habits

Your dog may exhibit loss of appetite or reduced interest in food.
He may sleep more or cannot get comfortable when trying to sleep.
Uncharacteristically, your dog may urinate or defecate indoors.

Signs Your Dog Is in Pain

Dr. Victoria Carmella, a Massachusetts-based clinical veterinarian, says: “Subtle signs of pain or discomfort in pets can often be challenging to identify and can easily be mistaken for normal aging. Common indicators such as reluctance to jump or use stairs, difficulty rising, or noticeable changes in behavior or demeanor, may signal underlying pain.”

Dr. Carmilla says pain in animals can manifest differently depending on its location. “For example, pain caused by an ear infection, for example, can be realized by a dog that is reactive to their ears being touched. Being attentive to your pet’s behavior and responses is essential in identifying the source of any discomfort or pain they may be experiencing.”

If you notice any change in your dog’s normal behavior, energy levels, or movements could be a sign of pain. “Trust your instincts. If something seems ‘off,’ it’s worth investigating,” says Dr. Carmella.

Diagnosing Your Dog’s Pain

Early intervention can improve your dog’s comfort and quality of life, so if you observe any of the symptoms listed or simply feel that your dog isn’t acting like themself, it’s always best to talk to your veterinarian. They can perform a thorough examination, diagnose the cause of the pain, and recommend the appropriate course of action, whether it’s medication, physical therapy, or further diagnostics.

“To diagnose the source of your dog’s pain, a veterinarian will begin with a comprehensive physical examination, which is essential for identifying and localizing the source of pain,” Dr. Carmella says. Other tools like X-rays or bloodwork may help rule out underlying conditions and contribute to a more complete assessment of your pet’s overall health.

Once your veterinarian determines a need for pain management, a range of treatment options are available. For mild to moderate cases of joint pain, for example, supplements may help promote joint health and alleviate discomfort, according to Dr. Carmella. “In more severe cases, prescription medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may be necessary.”

“Complementary therapies, including acupuncture, physical therapy and rehabilitation, can also play an important role in a pain management plan,” Dr. Carmella says. For specific underlying conditions, your veterinarian may prescribe other medications and create an individualized treatment plan to help alleviate pain.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs to Control Pain

“Dogs are living longer and healthier lives thanks to advances in veterinary medicine and innovation in animal drug development. With active lifestyles that extend into advanced age, many dogs are diagnosed with osteoarthritis,” according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

For that reason, the FDA has approved several NSAIDs for dogs to control pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. Also, FDA has approved several NSAIDs to control postoperative pain and inflammation with dogs of all ages who undergo surgical procedures.

According to the FDA, NSAIDs are a mainstay of pain management, but warns “these drugs can cause side effects, some of which can be serious.” It cautions that veterinarians are in the best position to inform dog owners about these side effects and should “discuss the benefits as well as the risks of an NSAID.”

Are Over-the-Counter Medications Safe?

Don’t reach into your own medicine cabinet. While humans and animals may experience similar symptoms, what works for a person may not work in a dog.

More importantly, there are differences in how animals and people absorb and metabolize drugs. These differences can affect the efficacy of a medication as well as its toxicity. Tylenol, of example, can kill your dog. Even small amounts of ibuprofen can be lethal to your pet.

Not only should you not give human medications to your dog, it’s important to prevent pets from accidentally ingesting medications. The report recommends keeping medications out of the reach of dog. “If you have a counter-surfing pet, you may need to keep medications inside a closed cabinet. Even when the bottle is closed, an animal can chew its way in if something smells appealing enough, according to the report.”

Pet-specific over-the-counter supplements tailored to your pet’s needs, Dr. Carmella says, can be a safe and effective option to help support your pet’s bone and joint health, as can supportive care like ice packs. Most human medications are not safe for use in dogs, so it is essential to consult your veterinarian before administering any medication for pain management to your pet.

Long-Term Effects of Untreated Pain in Dogs

If your dog’s pain is left untreated, it can lead to long-term physical, behavioral, and quality-of-life consequences that diminish their well-being. “Chronic pain often leads to behavioral changes such as irritability or depression. As pain persists, it may also cause a decrease in appetite, leading to weight loss and potential gastrointestinal disturbances,” Dr. Carmella says. Early intervention is crucial to prevent these complications and ensure optimal care for your pet.

Do You Suspect Your Dog is in Pain?

Dr. Carmella says remember that you know your dog best. “If you observe any changes in your pet’s behavior, activity level, appetite, or overall demeanor, it could potentially indicate underlying issues, such as discomfort or pain.” Early detection of potential health problems is crucial for ensuring your pet receives the appropriate care. Consulting with your veterinarian is always recommended to assess and diagnose any concerns.

Can Dogs Get Norovirus?

By

Dr. Debra M. Eldredge, DVM

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July 8, 2025

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Dogs can get norovirus from a variety of sources, including other dogs. — Dogs can get norovirus from sniffing an infected dog’s poop. Credit: Imm0rtal | Getty Images

Just like people, dogs are susceptible to gastrointestinal illnesses. So, yes, dogs can get stomach bugs, including anything from just vomiting and diarrhea to whole-body illnesses, just like people.

Can Pets Get Norovirus from Humans?

A big concern in human medicine is norovirus. This virus can be devastating to people who may already be ill due to its effects on hydration. Can dogs get this virus from people, and if so, share it with others? The answer is yes.

The norovirus is a tough virus and can survive in the environment. Your dog, by sniffing or licking where another dog has eliminated, can take in the virus. If you don’t clean up after him, more viral particles are left to infect others, and even you if you don’t practice good hygiene.

Signs of Norovirus in Dogs

Unlike parvovirus, norovirus is not usually associated with blood in diarrhea or vomit and does not have an associated, distinctive odor. (Parvovirus is one of the deadliest canine gastrointestinal viruses. As is typical of viral infections, there are no specific treatments, just supportive care while your dog’s body fights the virus off with his own immune system.)

Alert your veterinarian if you see these possible signs of norovirus in your dog:

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Dehydration
Abdominal Pain
Nausea
Approaches food but backs away without eating

Diagnosing Norovirus in Dogs

Mild cases of stomach and intestinal upsets are often treated at home without testing to identify the cause. For severe cases, situations with multiple dogs affected including kennels, daycares, or in a home where people are showing similar symptoms, diagnostics become more important. Fecal samples can be tested for specific DNA to accurately identify which virus is causing the illness using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Regular fecal testing may be done to rule out gastrointestinal parasites as well.

Treatment of Norovirus in Dogs

Treatment is symptomatic. If your dog can’t keep fluids down, you may need to get IV or subcutaneous fluids at the veterinary clinic. Hydration is the most important thing. Ice cubes encourage your dog to slowly lick and take in small amounts of water at a time. Providing plenty of fresh, cool water is important. You can add some low-salt bouillon or juice from tuna canned in water to add flavor to the water and encourage more drinking.

Antiemetics, which are medications that prevent nausea and vomiting, may be prescribed, along with medications to help with diarrhea. Increasing fiber at home by adding some plain canned pumpkin can help with diarrhea.

It is often best to hold off on any food for 24 hours or so, except for small puppies and dogs with some health conditions such as diabetes. Start back up with small amounts of bland food like boiled chicken or hamburger with some rice, pasta, or instant mashed potatoes. There are also prescription bland diets.

Preventing norovirus means avoiding situations where the virus might be present. If there is an outbreak at daycare or the local dog park, keep your dog home. Avoid any areas where dog waste tends to be left and not picked up.

Dog Essentials: Critical Items for Dog Care

By

Joan Merriam

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December 15, 2025

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Dog essentials are the gear and products that make your dog's training and life easier and more complete. — Bowls, toys, a leash, and a collar are must-haves when it comes to keeping a dog safe, comfortable, and happy. Credit: Nikola Stojadinovic| Getty Images

What comes to mind when you think of necessities for your dog? (Not just things you want: much as I might like a diamond-encrusted collar or a $1,000 plush dog bed for Frankie, they’re not really necessities. Not in my world, anyway.) When it comes right down to it, pretty much everyone has a different idea of what items are considered dog essentials.

So how do you figure out what your new pet really needs? Let’s narrow it down to what most pet experts feel are genuine dog essentials: that is, things that you simply cannot do without if you’re going to provide your new dog with a healthy, happy life.

Dog Essentials: Food, Water, and Dishes to Put Them In

It goes without saying that food is number one (and for your dog, treats are next in line) on the list of essentials for your dog. But that begs the question: what kind of food? The answers range from dry kibble to canned to frozen and frozen raw to freeze-dried to air-dried to homemade. Every dog’s needs are different, and every dog caretaker’s schedules and budgets are different as well. There’s simply no one-size-fits-all.

Whether it’s a commercially prepared food or one made at home, you want the highest-quality food (or ingredients) you can afford. If you’re buying a commercial food, start by looking for this statement on the label from the Association of American Feed Control Officials: “formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles,” which guarantees that the product is, in fact, complete and balanced. This statement also indicates what life stage the food is intended for: growth, maintenance, gestation/lactation, or all life stages.

While dogs can certainly thrive on properly formulated home-cooked diets, those two words are key: “properly formulated.” It can be a challenge to prepare a nutritionally complete and balanced diet in quantities suitable for home feeding. Avoid choosing a random recipe from the internet and instead use one that’s formulated by a board-certified veterinary nutritionist. In terms of choosing a commercial food, Whole Dog Journal compiles an annual list of recommended foods made by the companies on our “Approved Foods” list.

Proper hydration is equally critical for your dog’s health, which means making sure he has a source of fresh, clean water at all times. One of the biggest mistakes caretakers make is buying a too-small water dish: it should be at least twice the size of the food bowl—for most dogs that is somewhere between 6 and 10 inches in diameter. And speaking of bowls, research suggests that the size of food bowls is a major influence on the amount of food we give to our dogs, which in turn contributes to the growing problem of pet obesity. Remember to measure your dog’s food before giving it to him. If you’re not sure how much he should be getting or how many meals per day to offer, speak with your veterinarian for recommendations specific to your dog.

Dog Essentials for Walks: Collars, Harnesses, and Leashes

A good collar or harness and a leash are dog essentials in that they give you a way to keep your dog with you and away from potential dangers such as busy roads and wildlife. Many places also have leash laws that require your pet to be on a leash in public. In addition, a collar or harness can carry identification tags that can help get your dog back home to you if he ever gets lost.

It would take far more space than we have here to discuss the myriad collars, harnesses, and leashes on the market today, not to mention listing all their pros and cons. In terms of leashes, your main choice will be length; six feet is a good length for most dogs and normal dog-related activities.

When choosing a dog collar or harness, the most important factors are safety, fit, and function. Making an informed choice involves research so you can learn what the device does, what it’s for, and what’s best for your particular dog.

Dog Essentials for the Mind: Toys and Enrichment Tools

Unless your dog is one of those rare ducks that doesn’t like or know how to play with toys (like my previous dog Joey, who literally turned up his nose at every toy, ball, or plaything I tried to entice him with), a portion of your annual dog-budget will likely go toward toys. Toys are dog essentials in that they help provide the mental stimulation necessary to keep a dog healthy, happy, and away from less desirable behaviors.

There are thousands, if not millions, of dog toys on the market, but many contain materials that make them unsafe or even toxic. Some are hard plastic that can break apart and cause physical injury or a choking hazard, some contain fiber matrix materials that can trigger blockages and other internal damage if ingested, others are edible chew toys that can produce disorders of the digestive tract such as diarrhea, vomiting, and bowel obstruction. Studies have shown that toys made of natural rubber not only avoid these hazards, but because rubber is naturally flexible and resistant to dogs’ teeth, it’s far safer than plastic and silicone.

You definitely want to avoid toys with small parts that your dog could chew off and swallow and be sure to choose the right size of toy for your dog (generally, bigger toys for bigger dogs). Some dogs will tear apart a toy with stuffing or will try to “kill” one with a squeaker . . . in the process, possibly swallowing some of the stuffing or the squeaker. If your dog is hard on his toys, keep a careful eye on their condition and take them away before they become a hazard.

Are Dog Beds Essential

Another dog essential for many of us is a dog bed. The American Pet Products Association’s 2023 survey shows that 85 percent of dog caretakers in the U.S. have a bed for their dog, and 25 percent of those have at least two. Remember that dogs are big sleepers: on average, they sleep somewhere between 12 and 14 hours a day, and puppies can sleep up to 20 hours a day. Having a dog bed gives your dog his own designated spot to sleep and provides more comfort and support, especially for older dogs or those with joint problems.

As with so many things when it comes to your dog, there’s no “perfect” dog bed. There are, of course, many different sizes, along with a multitude of styles, from orthopedic beds to heated or cooling beds to washable beds, and more. Many times, unfortunately, you won’t know which style your dog prefers until you bring it home and you see if your dog makes a beeline for it or ignores it.

The Necessity of Dog Grooming Supplies

Even if you plan for your pup to be a regular client at your local groomer, there will be times you need to do some of the work yourself at home. Not everyone needs an entire salon’s worth of dog grooming supplies, but most dog caretakers benefit from having a high-quality slicker brush, steel comb, and a dog-specific toothpaste and toothbrush.

Thirty years ago, few people saw grooming as an essential activity, but many studies since have shown that keeping a dog groomed is something that’s essential to his health and welfare. For instance, long-haired breeds are especially vulnerable to severe hair matting, which can lead to chronic conditions such as skin irritation and infections, ear and eye infections, and parasitic infestations. Regular brushing—how often depends on how easily your dog’s coat gets tangled—helps keep mats from becoming a problem.

When it comes to brushing your dog’s teeth, at-home dental care is extremely important for combating canine periodontal disease, which affects more than 80% of dogs by the time they reach three years of age. While brushing your dog’s teeth daily is ideal, even just three times a week has been shown to be beneficial. Be sure to get a toothpaste formulated specifically for dogs—human toothpaste as it is not designed to be swallowed and may not be safe for a dog’s gastrointestinal tract—and a toothbrush made either for dogs or human babies.

Your local groomer will likely be happy to give you some tips, but you can also find some excellent books and videos on dog grooming. Among the most highly recommended is Melissa Verplank’s Notes from the Grooming Table.

While we could list dozens of other products that some might consider essentials for your dog, these items should be enough to get started as a new dog owner. Don’t be afraid to ask an expert if you’re feeling stuck.

What To Do When Your Dog Is Sprayed by a Skunk

By

Mary Schwager

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May 5, 2026

3

When your dog is sprayed by a skunk there are some steps you need to take to mitigate the smell and the risk of injury to your dog. — Although skunks typically try to avoid dogs, sometimes the dogs don’t get the message. When a dog gets sprayed by a frightened skunk, it can take some work to get rid of the odor. Credit: Adrian Wojcik | Getty Images

When I think back to the night my dog was sprayed by a skunk, the disaster replays in my mind like a video in fast-forward.

Something furry dashed across the front porch of the Cape Cod, Massachusetts, beach house where we were staying.

“What the heck was that creature?” I thought, wondering what animal paid us a visit. But my dog didn’t want to ponder nature; he raced after the fluffy critter.

My feet hit the porch, and I ran after him, screaming, “Stop! Stop! Stop!”

Then, abruptly, the fast-forward video halts and turns into a slow-motion stress dream as a convergence of events occurred: I realized the creature was a skunk, my dog had him cornered, and we were all doomed.

I started backing up, tripping over my feet, yelling, “Nooooooooooooooooo…” But it was too late.

“Psssssssssst,” went the skunk, right into my dog’s face. He fell to the ground, rolling around on the sandy yard, trying to get the burning spray out of his eyes.

The horrific-smelling mist got me, too, and then the stench wafted through the open windows of the house.

Different voices shouted, “Oh my gosh, what happened? Are you kidding me? I’m going to throw up!” Clearly, I was never going to be invited back.

I had never had a dog sprayed by a skunk. I had no supplies, no plan, and no idea how to get rid of skunk smell. Learn from my misery and mistakes, don’t be me, be prepared.

Continue reading for expert advice on how to get skunk smell off a dog.

How To Get Rid of Skunk Smell

Two veterinarians and a dog groomer shared their go-to formulas, products, and remedies to help dogs sprayed by skunks.

“You need something to deactivate the chemical compound in skunk spray,” extension veterinarian Aly Cohen, from the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, says. “It is not water soluble, so soap and water are never going to cut it. You need something that will oxidize the chemicals.”

Homemade Skunk Smell Removing Solutions

You can whip together a homemade concoction of simple ingredients to help remove skunk smell from a dog.

Veterinarian Lori Teller, a clinical professor at Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, recommends this formula and procedure:

32 oz (1 liter) of 3% hydrogen peroxide
¼ cup baking soda
1-2 teaspoons liquid dishwashing soap (i.e., Dawn)

Once you’ve made the formula you’ll want to:

Clean the dog in a well-ventilated area with good airflow
Lather into the coat, massaging down to the skin
Leave the lather on for 10-15 minutes
Rinse thoroughly
Repeat once if necessary
Can follow with a white vinegar or apple cider rinse
AVOID dog’s eyes and genitalia
Do not apply hydrogen peroxide to areas with broken skin.

But Dr. Teller warns, “The most effective way to remove skunk odor from a dog is with a freshly made shampoo; do not make it and keep it stored in a container, as it could explode.”

You can keep the ingredients separately in your cabinet, but don’t mix them unless you have that “in case of emergency moment.”

The hydrogen peroxide may cause some discoloration of your dog’s fur, but that will grow out eventually.

Retail Skunk Odor Removing Solutions

There are many shampoos, conditioners, solutions, and sprays for sale that boast they’ll remove skunk smell from your dog. Our experts say some products do get the job done.

Groomer Karyn Millerick, who owns The Dirty Doodle dog salon in Stoneham, MA, has received many panicked calls from dog parents trying to clean up the aftermath of skunk spray.

Millerick swears by Nature’s Miracle Skunk Odor Control Shampoo and Conditioner.

“They have it in lavender, that’s the one you want,” Millerick says. “When I tell you we have tried everything, we have.”

Millerick recommends wearing gloves when de-skunking a dog and being strategic where you apply a shampoo or solution.

“Most of the time, skunks will hit a dog’s face,” Millerick says. “Put the shampoo on their nose, their head, and most of their face, not their eyes.”

If your dog has a strong prey drive or skunks are common visitors to your neighborhood, keep a bottle of skunk-removing shampoo around just in case.

“It’s never a convenient time when it happens,” Dr. Cohen says. “Depending on where you live and when the dog is sprayed by a skunk, the store might not be open, so they’re nice to have on hand.”

Skunk Smell Removing Critical Chemistry Lesson

Our experts say to be successful removing skunk smell from a dog, it’s critical to understand a quick chemistry lesson: Deskunking 101.

If your dog is sprayed by a skunk, apply the skunk-removing product first and let it soak in. Don’t wet their body with water initially, as this will release even more unpleasant, longer-lasting skunk odors.

There are two chemicals in skunk spray: thiols and thioacetates.

“Thiols are immediately very stinky, that’s what you recognize right away when a dog is sprayed by a skunk,” Dr. Cohen says. “Thioacetates only get stinky once they are hit with water. That’s why sometimes a dog will stay smelly if they get wet again, even after you bathe them.”

However, if a dog takes a direct hit to the eyes, immediately flush their eyes with tepid water or a sterile saline solution. Protecting their eyes takes priority over the smell.

“Skunk spray can cause caustic damage to the cornea, even ulcers, so getting it off right away to prevent any further damage is the first thing to do,” Dr. Cohen says.

Watch your dog closely once you’ve rinsed your dog’s eyes and given them the skunk smell-removing bath.

“If your dog repeatedly paws at their face, is squinting, blinking excessively, or if the eyes are swollen or cloudy, then seek urgent veterinary attention,” Dr. Teller says. “It is possible that prescription eye medication will be needed to relieve your dog’s discomfort, allow the eye to heal, and prevent long-term damage to their vision.”

Can Skunk Spray Kill a Dog?

Encounters between dogs and skunks can be fatal in rare circumstances.

Heinz Body Anemia

Those nasty chemicals in skunk spray can damage not only your dog’s eyes but also cause your dog to develop a rare but dangerous condition called Heinz body anemia, which makes it harder for red blood cells to carry oxygen.

“There have been reports of it happening when a dog had a really heavy direct spray to the face, and they probably ingested a fair amount of it,” Dr. Cohen says. “It’s pretty uncommon, but you don’t want to be the person with the uncommon dog.”

If your dog takes a direct hit to the face, you can bring them to the veterinarian to have some baseline bloodwork done and then retest in a couple of days to ensure they’re doing okay.

The signs of Heinz body anemia may not show up for several days after a skunk encounter.

“If your dog is lethargic or weak, has pale or bluish mucous membranes or appears jaundiced, has difficulty breathing or a rapid heart rate, is vomiting, or you notice reddish or brownish urine, seek immediate veterinary attention,” Dr. Teller says. “Dogs that develop anemia as a result of being sprayed by a skunk may require hospitalization, blood transfusions, IV fluids, and supportive care.”

Rabies Risk

Besides being a medium for some of the world’s worst smells, skunks are also one of the largest carriers of the rabies virus. But rabies is not transmitted through skunk spray; the virus is spread through the saliva of an infected animal. So, if your dog has any bite marks or wounds, that’s cause for concern.

“If your dog had physical contact with the skunk beyond getting sprayed, it is important to discuss this with your veterinarian,” Dr. Teller says.

Skunks generally use their spray to defend themselves and aren’t looking to fight with your dog.

“Most of the time, if your dog is getting sprayed, it’s because they didn’t take a hint and got too close to the skunk,” Dr. Cohen says. “Skunks usually are spraying from like 10 or more feet away, and they’re just trying to get away from your dog.”

Always keep your dog up to date on their rabies vaccination. If your dog has had direct contact with a skunk, consult your veterinarian about the next steps to take, including a possible rabies booster vaccination.

A dog that is not vaccinated and gets bitten by a rabid skunk (or another animal with rabies) could be at high risk of dying.

How to Avoid Skunk Encounters

Avoiding skunk encounters can help prevent a smelly disaster.

The animals live in both rural and urban settings, but there are ways to make your yard less appealing to these most unwelcome critters:

Skunks are scavengers and will try to eat food left outside, garbage, and even compost piles. Try managing your house and the surrounding area so there’s nothing to attract them.
Skunks like to hide. Seal off areas under your deck or house, remove wood piles where they can lurk, or even worse, nest.
Skunks are nocturnal. “Be cautious about letting your dog out solo in the yard during peak dawn and dusk time,” Dr. Cohen says. “If your dog has to go out, perhaps try keeping them on a leash. A little bit of prevention makes a big difference.”

My Post-Skunk Spray Advice

When my dog got sprayed by a skunk, I panicked, soaked him with water, and washed him with regular dog shampoo. He smelled for the next six months, especially when he got wet.

My advice: If your dog is prone to chasing critters, keeping affordable de-skunking supplies on hand is priceless if that dreaded moment happens.

And, somehow, I did get invited back to that beach house—so did my sometimes-smelly dog, but this time I brought along a bottle of skunk-removing shampoo, just in case.

Horner’s Syndrome in Dogs

By

Dr. Debra M. Eldredge, DVM

-

July 3, 2025

0

Horner's syndromes in dog's causes changes in one or both eyes. — This Great Dane’s third eyelids are prolapsing, showing “cherry eyes.” With Horner’s syndrome, the third eyelid is usually pale and only one eye is prolapsing. Credit: Ryszard Kania | iStock

Horner’s syndrome is a neurologic condition that affects your dog’s eye and face, usually on just one side. It helps to have a “normal” side to compare the changed side to. You notice changes when you look at your dog’s face.

It’s not the same as a cross-eyed dog or cherry eye, although cherry eye has some similar features.

With Horner’s syndrome:

The upper eyelid will droop down
The eye may seem sunken
The pupil of the affected eye will be smaller than the pupil in the other eye
The dog’s third eyelid will be up (partially blocking the eye)
The eyelid may be red

What Causes Horner’s Syndrome in Dogs?

The cause of Horner’s is normally an injury or irritation to the nerves around the eye, but often the exact insult is not determined. Obvious causes would be a bite wound or a tumor affecting those nerve roots.

Internal ear infections can also irritate the nerves running to those areas. The nerves involved cover a wide range of your dog’s body: chest, head, and neck. That means lots of places for the nerves to be affected.

Because possible causes of Horner’s syndrome include intervertebral disc disease, cervical myelopathy, an inner ear infection, or any trauma, it’s wise to contact your veterinarian.

Sometimes, the cause is unknown (idiopathic). A 2000 study published in the Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology looked at 155 dogs, 110 of which were Golden Retrievers, with Horner’s syndrome. They found 100 of the Goldens were suffering from idiopathic Horner’s.

What to Do About Horner’s in Dogs

There is no specific treatment, other than time, for Horner’s. Many cases resolve on their own over time, although some stay. Horner’s is not painful. Most dogs function just fine despite their slightly “loopy” appearance.

The Dog’s Third Eyelid

One side effect of Horner’s is that you will now notice your dog’s third eyelid. Normally, the third eyelid is pale and barely noticeable. Some will be pigmented, but they still fit in with the lower lid.

The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane, can have some problems of its own, such as “cherry eye.” When you look at your dog you see a pink or red swelling on the inner corner of your dog’s eye. In cherry eye, the third eyelid and its gland that helps to lubricate the eye, prolapses.

Cherry eye is often bilateral and more common in brachycephalic breeds with short faces. This is usually evident in young dogs. Massage and eye ointments or drops to minimize inflammation may work to stop this condition. More commonly, it will recur, especially in times of allergies such as pollen season.

Surgical Correction for Horner’s Third Eyelid

Your veterinarian can tighten up the tissues surgically to help keep the third eyelid in place. Your veterinarian may refer you to a veterinary ophthalmologist for that.

While the appearance of a prolapsed third eyelid may be disturbing, the condition is not serious or painful. It does warrant a veterinary visit but not an emergency clinic run.

How to Brush the Teeth of an Uncooperative Dog

By

Dr. Debra M. Eldredge, DVM

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July 2, 2025

1

How to brush a dogs teeth when they refuse? Try raw bones that will help them clean their teeth. — If your dog refuses to let you brush his teeth, consider raw, uncooked, marrow or knuckle bones. Credit: Elena Popova | Getty Images

If your dog refuses to let you brush his teeth, you need to become creative. It is, after all, the gold standard of canine dental care and the best method of avoiding a $1,000+ professional veterinary teeth cleaning or, worse, dental extractions.

Toothbrushing Steps for an Unwilling Dog

Training methods that teach your dog to let you brush his teeth abound, but they all involve patience. You know that by now, I’m sure, or you wouldn’t be looking for an alternative!

Just to be sure, at this point, you probably tried a soft brush that fits comfortably in the dog’s mouth and maybe a finger brush, which some dogs find less scary. If you haven’t, that’s step one.

And, of course, you’ve exhausted the flavor options of enzymatic dog toothpastes (never use human toothpaste, which must be spit out), starting with just rubbing some on his gums so he decides maybe it tastes pretty good and eventually allows you to “serve” it on a toothbrush.

You probably also contacted your veterinary clinic to see if there’s a vet tech or a groomer who can train you to brush your dog’s teeth.

If Brushing Your Dog’s Teeth Is Impossible

If you truly tried all those mentioned above (no cheating—did you really?), there are other ways to help fight dental disease in your dog. No, they’re not as good as toothbrushing, but they are way better than doing nothing.

Go to the Veterinary Oral Health Council site. While the VOHC does not conduct research itself, it looks at submitted data to see if various dental products meet their standard for acceptance for fighting plaque or calculus or both in pets. They publish a list of dental products for dogs and cats that have passed their standards. The dog list is truly extensive.

The list includes a variety of options to promote good dental health in your dog. You can start with an easy option: a dental dog food diet. There are 12 diet options listed on the site. Some brands work on just tartar, others work on both plaque and tartar. Some are prescription diets, which tend to be more expensive and require a prescription from your veterinarian, but some are diets directly available to consumers.

Your dog turns his nose up at the new food, even after you worked to gradually change his diet. Don’t despair! There are still ways to improve his dental hygiene.

Dental Chews for Dogs Who Won’t Let You Clean Teeth

The VOHC lists 29 dental chews. One is specially prepared rawhide and the others are edible “treat chews.” Some of the chews have multiple health orientations, like joints and teeth. Research shows that dental chews do make a difference.

My dogs are good about toothbrushing (poultry flavor toothpaste preferred), but on days when I am in a hurry or I see some tartar starting, I often add dental chews. My dogs like the Pro Den Plaque Off Dental Bites, which are like quick treats.

For more chew time, they have also gotten Greenies to chew under observation. I admit I personally like the blueberry ones due to the scent, but I don’t think my dogs care.

Sprays, Gels, and Powders Dog Dental Care

If your dog buries his expensive dental chews out in the yard, oral sprays, gels, powders that you add to food or additives for his water can all help your dog to keep healthy gums and teeth. Remember, the VOHC requests research that shows these products are effective to carry a VOHC seal on the package.

Not on the VOHC charts but sworn by for many owners are raw, uncooked, fresh bones. These can be marrow or knuckle bones. It is important to supervise dogs working on fresh bones. You don’t want to have a marrow bone caught on the lower jaw or teeth getting slab fractures from chewing on an old, dry bone.

Dogs prone to digestive upsets and/or pancreatitis, need to have most of the marrow removed. Ideally don’t leave bones around for more than a day or two so they don’t dry out and harden.

With all these options, something should work for your dog. It may take a bit of trial and error, but everything you do can help your dog maintain adequate dental health and avoid an expensive professional cleaning.

Why High-Fiber Dog Food Is a Game Changer

By

Dr. Mary Cope, PhD

-

July 1, 2025

1

High-fiber dog foods often contain pumpkin, a fiber recommended by many veterinarians. — High-fiber dog-food ingredients like pumpkin have solid health benefits for your dog. Credit: Ann Zisk | Getty Images

High-fiber dog foods play an important role in maintaining digestive health, managing weight, and regulating blood sugar levels in dogs. Fiber provides bulk to the diet and supports gut health by aiding in bowel regularity and promoting growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. While fiber may not be considered an essential nutrient in the same way that protein and fat are, its presence in a dog’s diet can make a significant difference in overall health and well-being.

Among the best choices for a high fiber dog food is Nutro, which makes over-the-counter high-fiber options with natural ingredients and no artificial additives. Wellness CORE and Natural Balance also offer fiber-rich dry and canned food options that include ingredients like pumpkin, peas, and oats to support digestion.

Types of Fiber in Dog Food

There are two main types of fiber, soluble and insoluble, and both serve different functions in the digestive system. Many high fiber dog foods contain a mix of both types of fiber to offer the most comprehensive digestive support.

Soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gel-like substance, which can slow digestion and help control blood glucose levels. Soluble fiber can be found in psyllium husk, flaxseeds, and chia seeds.
Insoluble fiber adds bulk to the still and supports regular bowel movements by moving waste through the digestive tract. Insoluble fiber is present in many fruits and vegetables and bran products.

Should I Feed High Fiber Dog Food?

Dogs that suffer from issues such as constipation, diarrhea, anal gland problems, or obesity can often benefit from diets higher in fiber. Fiber can also help diabetic dogs by regulating glucose absorption and helps support immune function by maintaining a healthy population of beneficial microbes in the gut.

Natural High Fiber Foods for Dogs

Natural sources of fiber can be found in a variety of foods that may be added to their regular diet under veterinary guidance.

Pumpkin is perhaps the most widely recommended natural source of fiber for dogs. Canned pure pumpkin (not spiced/sweetened pumpkin pie filling) or dehydrated pumpkin powder are often used to alleviate both constipation and diarrhea due to its soluble fiber content and gentle impact on the stomach.

Sweet potatoes are an excellent source of fiber and provide beneficial vitamins and antioxidants.

Green beans, carrots, apples, and leafy greens like spinach or kale are rich in fiber and safe in moderation.

Brown rice and oats also contribute fiber to the diet while also providing energy in the form of complex carbohydrates.

Can I Feed My Dog Psyllium?

Some pet owners choose to supplement their dog’s diet with fiber additives such as psyllium husk or beet pulp. Psyllium, the active ingredient in many fiber supplements for humans, can be effective in small amounts for dogs experiencing irregular bowel movements. Beet pulp offers a blend of both soluble and insoluble fibers and supports stool quality while also providing some prebiotic fibers to feed beneficial gut bacteria.

Add Fiber Slowly

When introducing high fiber foods or supplements, it is important to do so gradually, as a sudden increase in fiber can lead to bloating, gas, constipation, or diarrhea as your dog’s system adjusts. Transitioning slowly over the course of a week or more allows the gut microbiome to adapt and reduces the risk of discomfort. Adequate water intake is also essential when increasing dietary fiber, as fiber absorbs water and can lead to constipation if a dog is not well-hydrated.

Incorporating fiber into your dog’s diet can offer a range of health benefits, from improved digestion to better weight management. As with any dietary change, it is important to consult with your veterinarian to determine the right amount and type of fiber to suit your individual dog’s needs.

Whole Dog Journal reviews dog food, dog toys, and dog health and care products, and also teaches positive dog training methods.

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Sileo Dosing Chart

Other Dog Noise Phobia Medications

Managing Your Dog’s Noise Phobia

Understanding Dogs with Noise Anxiety

Behavior Protocols to Reduce Noise Phobias

Help Your Dog Avoid Noise

The Growing Popularity of In-Home Euthanasia

How Does In-Home Pet Euthanasia Work?

Contact Local Veterinarians or Companies in Advance

Decide “When is the Right Time?”

What To Expect During an In-home Euthanasia Appointment

Have a Post-Mortem Plan

Veterinarians With Heart and Soul

Understanding Long-Term Shelter Dog Behavior

Why Do Some Dogs Stay in Shelters So Long?

Common Long-Term Shelter Dog Behavior Problems

The 3-3-3 Rule for Dogs and Long-Term Shelter Dog Behavior

Training a Rescue Dog: Building Trust First

How To Help a Long-Term Shelter Dog Adjust to Home Life

When To Seek Professional Help with Long-Term Shelter Dog Behavior

References

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Best Reflective Dog Collars

Best Reflective Dog Collar: Orvis Personalized Reflective Dog Collar

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Best Reflective Martingale Collar: Non-stop Dogwear Rock Collar 3.0

Best Waterproof Reflective Collar: Ruffwear Confluence Waterproof Dog Collar

Most Stylish Reflective Dog Collar: Ruffwear Crag Reflective Dog Collar

Dog Sprained Leg Symptoms

Treatment for a Dog’s Sprained Leg

Veterinary Treatment for a Dog’s Sprained Leg

Rehab for a Dog’s Sprained Leg

Preventing a Dog’s Sprained Leg

Body Language of a Dog in Pain

Changes in mobility

Changes in activity level

Behavioral changes

Changes in daily habits

Signs Your Dog Is in Pain

Diagnosing Your Dog’s Pain

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs to Control Pain

Are Over-the-Counter Medications Safe?

Long-Term Effects of Untreated Pain in Dogs

Do You Suspect Your Dog is in Pain?

Can Pets Get Norovirus from Humans?

Signs of Norovirus in Dogs

Diagnosing Norovirus in Dogs

Treatment of Norovirus in Dogs

Dog Essentials: Food, Water, and Dishes to Put Them In

Dog Essentials for Walks: Collars, Harnesses, and Leashes

Dog Essentials for the Mind: Toys and Enrichment Tools

Are Dog Beds Essential

The Necessity of Dog Grooming Supplies

How To Get Rid of Skunk Smell

Homemade Skunk Smell Removing Solutions

Retail Skunk Odor Removing Solutions

Skunk Smell Removing Critical Chemistry Lesson

Can Skunk Spray Kill a Dog?

Heinz Body Anemia

Rabies Risk

How to Avoid Skunk Encounters

My Post-Skunk Spray Advice

What Causes Horner’s Syndrome in Dogs?

What to Do About Horner’s in Dogs

The Dog’s Third Eyelid

Surgical Correction for Horner’s Third Eyelid

Toothbrushing Steps for an Unwilling Dog

If Brushing Your Dog’s Teeth Is Impossible

Dental Chews for Dogs Who Won’t Let You Clean Teeth

Sprays, Gels, and Powders Dog Dental Care

Types of Fiber in Dog Food

Should I Feed High Fiber Dog Food?

Natural High Fiber Foods for Dogs

Can I Feed My Dog Psyllium?

Add Fiber Slowly